Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), Ocotlán, Jalisco, México.
J Hum Genet. 2012 Sep;57(9):568-74. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2012.67. Epub 2012 Jul 26.
In the nonrecombining region of the Y-chromosome, there are single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) that establish haplogroups with particular geographical origins (European, African, Native American, etc.). The complex process of admixture that gave rise to the majority of the current Mexican population (~93%), known as Mestizos, can be examined with Y-SNPs to establish their paternal ancestry and population structure. We analyzed 18 Y-SNPs in 659 individuals from 10 Mexican-Mestizo populations from different regions of the country. In the total population sample, paternal ancestry was predominately European (64.9%), followed by Native American (30.8%) and African (4.2%). However, the European ancestry was prevalent in the north and west (66.7-95%) and, conversely, Native American ancestry increased in the center and southeast (37-50%), whereas the African ancestry was low and relatively homogeneous (0-8.8%). Although this paternal landscape concurs with previous studies based on genome-wide SNPs and autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), this pattern contrasts with the maternal ancestry, mainly of Native American origin, based on maternal lineages haplogroups. In agreement with historical records, these results confirm a strong gender-biased admixture history between European males and Native American females that gave rise to Mexican-Mestizos. Finally, pairwise comparisons and analysis of molecular variance tests demonstrated significant population structure (F(ST)=4.68%; P<0.00005), delimiting clusters that were geographically defined as the following: north-west, center-south and southeast.
在 Y 染色体的非重组区域，存在单核苷酸多态性（Y-SNPs），它们建立了具有特定地理起源的单倍群（欧洲、非洲、美洲原住民等）。形成了大多数当前墨西哥人口（约 93%）的复杂混合过程，被称为梅斯蒂索人，可以用 Y-SNPs 来检验他们的父系祖先和人口结构。我们分析了来自该国不同地区的 10 个墨西哥梅斯蒂索人种群的 659 个人的 18 个 Y-SNPs。在总人群样本中，父系祖先主要是欧洲人（64.9%），其次是美洲原住民（30.8%）和非洲人（4.2%）。然而，欧洲祖先在北部和西部更为普遍（66.7-95%），相反，美洲原住民祖先在中部和东南部增加（37-50%），而非洲祖先则较低且相对均匀（0-8.8%）。尽管这种父系景观与基于全基因组 SNP 和常染色体短串联重复（STRs）的先前研究一致，但这种模式与基于母系血统单倍群的主要是美洲原住民起源的母系祖先不同。与历史记录一致，这些结果证实了欧洲男性和美洲原住民女性之间存在强烈的性别偏向混合历史，这导致了墨西哥梅斯蒂索人。最后，成对比较和分析分子方差检验显示出显著的人口结构（F(ST)=4.68%；P<0.00005），划定了以下地理定义的聚类：西北、中南部和东南部。
