Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, INSERM, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2012 Sep;7(5):450-5. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328356e9c2.
HIV-1 infects tissue macrophages, microglia and other mononuclear phagocytes which represent an important cellular reservoir for viral replication and persistence in macrophage-rich tissue. This compartmentalization allows the virus to exist as genetically distinct quasi-species that can have capacities to use different coreceptors for cell entry. This review assesses the tropism of HIV-1 in different human compartments.
The majority of HIV infection occurs with R5-tropic viruses probably due to the selective expression of the R5 cell-surface protein on the target cells in the genital muscosa. There is a large concordance of tropism use between blood cell-associated proviral DNA and RNA plasma viruses, allowing the use of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonists in patients who have undetectable viral load and for whom HIV tropism was determined in DNA. Most of HIV strains in central nervous system remain R5-tropic allowing the use of CCR5 antagonists.
There are many clinical situations in which the use of CCR5 antagonists can be used and several ways to determine HIV tropism in most of the compartments.
HIV-1 感染组织巨噬细胞、小神经胶质细胞和其他单核吞噬细胞，这些细胞是病毒在富含巨噬细胞的组织中复制和持续存在的重要细胞储库。这种分隔允许病毒存在于遗传上不同的准种中，这些准种可能具有使用不同核心受体进入细胞的能力。这篇综述评估了 HIV-1 在不同人体部位的嗜性。
大多数 HIV 感染发生在 R5 嗜性病毒中，可能是由于生殖黏膜中的靶细胞上选择性表达了 R5 细胞表面蛋白。血细胞相关前病毒 DNA 和血浆病毒 RNA 之间的嗜性使用具有很大的一致性，这使得可以在病毒载量无法检测且 HIV 嗜性已在 DNA 中确定的患者中使用 C 型趋化因子受体 5 (CCR5) 拮抗剂。中枢神经系统中的大多数 HIV 株仍然是 R5 嗜性，允许使用 CCR5 拮抗剂。
在许多临床情况下，可以使用 CCR5 拮抗剂，并且有多种方法可以确定大多数部位的 HIV 嗜性。
