Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Aug;25(4):393-400. doi: 10.1002/jts.21724. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
Children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk for developing traumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Unfortunately, children who witness IPV are often exposed to additional traumatic events. Previous research has indicated that approximately one third of children experience 2 or more direct victimizations each year, and that exposure to one type of victimization places children at risk for exposure to additional types of victimization. Yet little is known about the impact of these additional traumas on children's functioning. For a sample of 120 preschool children (age 4-6 years) exposed to IPV in the past 2 years, 38% were exposed to additional traumatic events, including sexual assaults by family members, physical assaults, serious accidents, and/or life-threatening illnesses. Those exposed to both IPV and additional traumatic events had higher rates of PTSD diagnoses, traumatic stress symptoms (d = 0.96), and internalizing (d = 0.86) and externalizing behavior (d = 0.47) problems, than those exposed to IPV alone. We also compared DSM-IV diagnostic criteria to proposed criteria for evaluating traumatic stress in preschool-aged children. Results revealed the importance of conducting a complete assessment of traumatic events prior to treating children exposed to IPV.
儿童若曾暴露于亲密伴侣暴力（IPV），则更有可能出现创伤后应激症状和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。不幸的是，目睹过 IPV 的儿童往往会遭受更多的创伤性事件。先前的研究表明，大约三分之一的儿童每年会经历 2 次或更多次直接的侵害，而遭受一种侵害会使儿童面临遭受其他类型侵害的风险。然而，对于这些额外创伤对儿童功能的影响，我们知之甚少。在过去 2 年中，曾有 120 名处于 IPV 环境下的学龄前儿童（年龄在 4-6 岁之间）作为样本，其中 38%的儿童曾遭受过额外的创伤性事件，包括家庭成员的性侵犯、人身攻击、严重事故和/或危及生命的疾病。与仅暴露于 IPV 的儿童相比，同时暴露于 IPV 和额外创伤性事件的儿童 PTSD 诊断率、创伤后应激症状（d = 0.96）、内化（d = 0.86）和外化行为（d = 0.47）问题的发生率更高。我们还将 DSM-IV 诊断标准与用于评估学龄前儿童创伤后应激的拟议标准进行了比较。结果表明，在治疗曾暴露于 IPV 的儿童之前，对创伤性事件进行全面评估非常重要。
