Petersen Tóra, Armour Cherie, Elklit Ask
National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol. 2012 Nov 30;1(2):63-71. doi: 10.21307/sjcapp-2013-009. eCollection 2013 May.
The objective of this study was to identify naturally occurring typologies of Faroese adolescents on the basis of their exposure to traumatic and negative life events. It was hypothesized that underlying typologies of trauma and negative life events would be uncovered. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that males would be overrepresented in classes characterized by the endorsement of a wide range of trauma and negative life events. On the basis of prior research, it was also hypothesized that females had endorsed more traumas of a sexual nature and that males had endorsed more traumas of a violent nature. Finally, post-traumatic stress, negative affectivity, and somatization were examined in the different typologies.
Latent class analyses were conducted with the use of data collected from a self-report questionnaire survey from 687 Faroese eighth graders (85% response rate). The questionnaire included a traumatic and negative life event list, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-Part IV, and the Trauma Symptom Checklist.
Three classes of adolescents were identified on the basis of their exposure to potentially traumatic and negative life events. The baseline class (81.3%) had a low probability of the endorsement of all potentially traumatic and negative life events, except threats of violence and bullying. This group had low scores for post-traumatic symptoms, negative affectivity, and somatization. Class 2 (13.7%) comprised mainly males and had the highest probability of endorsement of threats of violence, physical assault, and bullying; this group also had high scores for post-traumatic stress symptoms, negative affectivity, and somatization. Finally, Class 1 (5.0%) consisted of adolescents with a relatively high risk of exposure to all potentially traumatic events and negative life events, except threats of violence. This group had the highest scores for post-traumatic stress symptoms, negative affectivity, and somatization.
The present study can be said to be a concise picture of trauma exposure and its consequences among Faroese adolescents, and it is thereby a valuable tool for the national planning of preventive and interventional strategies and for empirically founded economic prioritization. These results emphasize the importance of choosing a trauma-informed strategy in various disciplines, such as pediatrics, child and adolescent psychiatry, social work, and school psychology when the aim is to provide the appropriate intervention.
本研究的目的是根据法罗群岛青少年接触创伤性和负面生活事件的情况，确定其天然存在的类型。研究假设是，创伤和负面生活事件的潜在类型将被揭示。此外，研究假设在以认可多种创伤和负面生活事件为特征的类别中，男性的比例会过高。基于先前的研究，还假设女性认可更多性方面的创伤，而男性认可更多暴力性质的创伤。最后，在不同类型中考察创伤后应激、负面情感和躯体化情况。
使用从687名法罗群岛八年级学生的自我报告问卷调查中收集的数据进行潜在类别分析（回应率为85%）。问卷包括一份创伤性和负面生活事件清单、《哈佛创伤问卷 - 第四部分》以及《创伤症状清单》。
根据接触潜在创伤性和负面生活事件的情况，确定了三类青少年。基线类别（81.3%）认可所有潜在创伤性和负面生活事件的可能性较低，但暴力威胁和欺凌除外。该组创伤后症状、负面情感和躯体化得分较低。第2类（13.7%）主要由男性组成，认可暴力威胁、身体攻击和欺凌的可能性最高；该组创伤后应激症状、负面情感和躯体化得分也较高。最后，第1类（5.0%）由接触所有潜在创伤性事件和负面生活事件（暴力威胁除外）风险相对较高的青少年组成。该组创伤后应激症状、负面情感和躯体化得分最高。
本研究可以说是法罗群岛青少年创伤暴露及其后果的简要描述，因此是国家预防和干预策略规划以及基于实证的经济优先排序的宝贵工具。这些结果强调了在儿科、儿童和青少年精神病学、社会工作以及学校心理学等各个学科中，当目标是提供适当干预时，选择以创伤为导向的策略的重要性。
