Trukhina S I, Trukhin A N, Tsirkin V I, Khlybova S V
Gig Sanit. 2012 Mar-Apr(2):73-7.
To study the influence of birth weight (BW) on the physical development of children and teenagers, weight, height, weight-to-height ratio, and Quetelet's and Rohrer's indices were retrospectively estimated in 699 children at 1, 7, 8, 12, 14, and 16 years of age (including 320 girls) from the tenth classes of 16 Kirov comprehensive schools. It was established that 82.1% of the examined had normal (2.6-3.9 kg) BW, 126% had high (4.0-5.1 kg) BW; and 5.3% had low (1.6-2.5 kg) BW. Moreover; gender differences were characterized only for high-weight schoolchildren, among whom there were more young men (9.2 versus 3.4%). Both the girls and the young men with high BW had higher values of weight, height, and physical development at 1, 7, 8, 12, 14, and 16 years of age than the persons of their age. This shows the specific features of their metabolism at all stages of ontogenesis. The children with low BW lagged behind their peers with normal BW in all physical development indicators by 1 year but did not differ from them at 7, 8 and 12 years of age and again fell behind at 14 and 16 years of age (in weight, weight-to-height ratio, and Quetelet's index). Hence, when evaluating the physical development of schoolchildren, it is necessary to consider their BW.
为研究出生体重（BW）对儿童和青少年身体发育的影响，我们对来自16所基洛夫综合学校十年级的699名1岁、7岁、8岁、12岁、14岁和16岁的儿童（包括320名女孩）的体重、身高、体重身高比以及克托莱指数和罗勒指数进行了回顾性评估。结果发现，82.1%的受检者出生体重正常（2.6 - 3.9千克），12.6%的出生体重较高（4.0 - 5.1千克）；5.3%的出生体重较低（1.6 - 2.5千克）。此外，性别差异仅体现在高体重学童中，其中男孩更多（9.2%对3.4%）。出生体重高的女孩和男孩在1岁、7岁、8岁、12岁、14岁和16岁时的体重、身高和身体发育值均高于同龄人。这显示了他们在个体发育各阶段新陈代谢的特点。出生体重低的儿童在所有身体发育指标上比出生体重正常的同龄人落后1年，但在7岁、8岁和12岁时与他们没有差异，在14岁和16岁时（在体重、体重身高比和克托莱指数方面）再次落后。因此，在评估学童的身体发育时，有必要考虑他们的出生体重。
