Ibanez G, Martin N, Denantes M, Saurel-Cubizolles M-J, Ringa V, Magnier A-M
Département de médecine générale, Pierre-et-Curie, Paris, France.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2012 Aug;60(4):305-20. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2012.02.008. Epub 2012 Jul 24.
Given the benefits of breastfeeding (BF), healthcare institutions recommend that a child should be breastfed for the first 6 months of its life. This study provides a review of BF as a function of socioeconomic criteria in various industrialized countries.
A review was carried out between 1st January 1998 and 1st March 2009, using Medline and the Public Health Database. The papers were selected independently by two persons, using a methodological grid designed to evaluate the quality of the studies. From 1126 initially selected papers, 26 from 16 different countries were retained for further analysis.
The prevalence of exclusive BF initiation was the highest in Norway, Denmark, and Japan with, respectively, 99, 98.7, and 98.3%. This prevalence was the lowest in the United Kingdom, the United States, and France with, respectively, 70, 69.5, and 62.6%. Women who breastfeed less were most commonly found to be young, single, from a low socioeconomic group, or with a low level of education. Women from immigrant population groups breastfed more than the native-born population during their pregnancy.
Knowledge of the sociodemographic distribution of women who breastfeed is essential for the definition of preventive policies, which are needed to reduce health-related social inequalities. An in-depth analysis of existing primary healthcare programs would allow new strategies to be defined.
鉴于母乳喂养的诸多益处，医疗机构建议婴儿在出生后的前6个月进行母乳喂养。本研究综述了不同工业化国家中母乳喂养与社会经济标准之间的关系。
于1998年1月1日至2009年3月1日期间进行综述，使用了医学文献数据库（Medline）和公共卫生数据库。由两人独立使用旨在评估研究质量的方法学框架来挑选论文。从最初筛选出的1126篇论文中，保留了来自16个不同国家的26篇论文进行进一步分析。
挪威、丹麦和日本的纯母乳喂养起始率最高，分别为99%、98.7%和98.3%。英国、美国和法国的这一比率最低，分别为70%、69.5%和62.6%。母乳喂养较少的女性通常较为年轻、单身、来自社会经济地位较低的群体或教育水平较低。移民群体中的女性在孕期的母乳喂养情况优于本地出生的女性。
了解母乳喂养女性的社会人口统计学分布对于制定预防政策至关重要，这些政策对于减少与健康相关的社会不平等现象是必要的。对现有初级医疗保健项目进行深入分析将有助于确定新的策略。
