Center for Health Services and Nursing Research, School of Public Health, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2013 May;50(5):678-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.07.006. Epub 2012 Jul 28.
One out of seven patients is involved in an adverse event. The first priority after such an event is the patient and their family (first victim). However the involved health care professionals can also become victims in the sense that they are traumatized after the event (second victim). They can experience significant personal and professional distress. Second victims use different coping strategies in the aftermath of an adverse event, which can have a significant impact on clinicians, colleagues, and subsequent the patients. It is estimated that nearly half of health care providers experience the impact as a second victim at least once in their career. Because of this broad impact it is important to offer support.
The focus of this review is to identify supportive interventional strategies for second victims.
An extensive search was conducted in the electronic databases Medline, Embase and Cinahl. We searched from the start data of each database until September 2010.
A total of 21 research articles and 10 non-research articles were identified in this literature review. There are numerous supportive actions for second victims described in the literature. Strategies included support organized at the individual, organizational, national or international level. A common intervention identified support for the health care provider to be rendered immediately. Strategies on organizational level can be separated into programs specifically aimed at second victims and more comprehensive programs that include support for all individuals involved in the adverse event including the patient, their family, the health care providers, and the organization.
Second victim support is needed to care for health care workers and to improve quality of care. Support can be provided at the individual and organizational level. Programs need to include support provided immediately post adverse event as well as on middle long and long term basis.
每七个患者中就有一个会发生不良事件。此类事件发生后，首要考虑的是患者及其家属（第一受害者）。然而，相关医护人员也可能成为受害者，因为他们在事件发生后会受到创伤（第二受害者）。他们可能会经历严重的个人和职业困扰。第二受害者在不良事件发生后会使用不同的应对策略，这可能会对临床医生、同事和随后的患者产生重大影响。据估计，近一半的医疗保健提供者在其职业生涯中至少会经历一次作为第二受害者的影响。由于这种广泛的影响，提供支持非常重要。
本综述的重点是确定支持第二受害者的干预策略。
在电子数据库 Medline、Embase 和 Cinahl 中进行了广泛的搜索。我们从每个数据库的开始日期搜索到 2010 年 9 月。
在文献综述中确定了 21 篇研究文章和 10 篇非研究文章。文献中描述了许多针对第二受害者的支持性行动。策略包括在个人、组织、国家或国际层面提供支持。一项常见的干预措施是立即为医护人员提供支持。组织层面的策略可以分为专门针对第二受害者的计划和更全面的计划，这些计划包括为所有涉及不良事件的人提供支持，包括患者、他们的家人、医护人员和组织。
需要为医护人员提供第二受害者支持，以提高护理质量。支持可以在个人和组织层面提供。计划需要包括在不良事件发生后立即提供支持，以及在中、长期提供支持。
