Chan S T, Khong P C B, Wang W
Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
Int Nurs Rev. 2017 Jun;64(2):242-262. doi: 10.1111/inr.12317. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
To provide an overview of healthcare professionals' psychological responses, coping strategies and supporting needs in the aftermath of an adverse event, thus informing health policy implications and future research in this aspect.
Trauma experienced by healthcare professionals as second victims potentially provokes intense emotional distress, detrimental professional outcomes and imposes harsh long-term effects.
A systematic literature review was performed to synthesize the experiences and needs of second victims who are healthcare professionals being traumatized by an unanticipated adverse event, medical error or patient-related injury. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles published in English from January 2000 to October 2015.
Data extraction was performed for the 30 studies selected. Second victims experienced enduring intense negative psychological responses. They adopted multiple coping mechanisms and desired emotional and informational support.
Second victims experience substantial psychological impact which can be mitigated with supportive environments. It is imperative that subsequent research consider the potential factors affecting second victims' emotional experience, efficacy of coping strategies in facilitating recovery and obtain a comprehensive understanding of second victims' experience.
Nursing and health management's role in establishing organizational support structures is necessary to meet second victims' needs. This existing knowledge is significant to guide policy makers in developing a holistic and effective second victim support programme.
概述医疗保健专业人员在不良事件发生后的心理反应、应对策略和支持需求，从而为这方面的卫生政策影响及未来研究提供信息。
医疗保健专业人员作为“第二受害者”所经历的创伤可能引发强烈的情绪困扰、有害的职业后果，并产生严重的长期影响。
进行系统的文献综述，以综合那些因意外不良事件、医疗差错或与患者相关的伤害而受到创伤的医疗保健专业“第二受害者”的经历和需求。检索了CINAHL、Embase、PsycINFO、PubMed和Scopus数据库，查找2000年1月至2015年10月期间以英文发表的相关文章。
对所选的30项研究进行了数据提取。“第二受害者”经历了持久而强烈的负面心理反应。他们采用了多种应对机制，并渴望获得情感和信息支持。
“第二受害者”经历了重大的心理影响，支持性环境可减轻这种影响。后续研究必须考虑影响“第二受害者”情感体验的潜在因素、应对策略促进康复的效果，并全面了解“第二受害者”的经历。
护理和卫生管理在建立组织支持结构方面的作用对于满足“第二受害者”的需求至关重要。这些现有知识对于指导政策制定者制定全面有效的“第二受害者”支持计划具有重要意义。
