Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, CNR-IBIM, Via Vallone Petrara n. 55/57, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2012 Apr;24(2):109-12. doi: 10.1007/BF03325157.
The occurrence of a given disease in a population is measured by prevalence and incidence. Prevalence reflects the burden of a given disease in a specific population and is calculated as point prevalence or period prevalence. Incidence denotes the number of new cases of a given disease which occur in a cohort of individuals followed up for a given period of time, and may be expressed in terms of cumulative risk or incidence rate. The relationship between disease frequency (e.g., myocardial infarction) and specific exposure (e.g., smoking) is assessed by calculating relative (relative risk and odds ratio) and absolute (risk difference) measures of effect.
特定疾病在人群中的发生情况可以通过患病率和发病率来衡量。患病率反映了特定人群中特定疾病的负担，其计算方法为时点患病率或期间患病率。发病率表示在一定时间内对一组人群进行随访时，新发生的特定疾病的数量，并且可以用累积风险或发病率来表示。通过计算疾病频率（例如心肌梗死）与特定暴露（例如吸烟）之间的相对（相对风险和比值比）和绝对（风险差异）效应测量值，可以评估疾病频率与特定暴露之间的关系。
