Offergeld R, Ritter S, Hamouda O
Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, DGZ-Ring 1, 13086, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2012 Aug;55(8):907-13. doi: 10.1007/s00103-012-1516-1.
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany according to article 22 of the Transfusion Act. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2008-2010. The prevalence for HIV ranged from 6.6-7.0/100,000, for HCV from 68.9-81.6/100,000, for HBV from 116.2-136.6/100,000 and for syphilis from 31.0-42.1/100,000 donations. The proportion of incident infections per 100,000 donations ranged from 0.8-0.9 for HIV, 0.8-1.0 for HCV, 0.3-0.5 for HBV and 1.4-1.6 for syphilis. Since 2001 the prevalence and incidence of HBV and HCV among blood has declined whereas incident HIV infections reached a peak in 2008 and 2010 and show an increasing trend. Also, the proportion of syphilis infections among first time donors was highest in 2010. Significant differences in infection prevalence and incidence were found between the sexes, different age groups and different donation types. In order to optimise donor selection a validated donor questionnaire should be used and confidentiality in all steps of donation should be assured. The possibility of a confidential self-exclusion should be explicitly pointed out to donors.
根据《输血法》第22条，罗伯特·科赫研究所收集并评估了德国血液和血浆捐献者中艾滋病毒、丙型肝炎（HCV）、乙型肝炎（HBV）和梅毒感染的流行率和发病率数据。本报告包含了德国所有献血服务机构2008年至2010年的数据。艾滋病毒的流行率为每10万人中6.6 - 7.0例，丙型肝炎为每10万人中68.9 - 81.6例，乙型肝炎为每10万人中116.2 - 136.6例，梅毒为每10万次捐献中31.0 - 42.1例。每10万次捐献中新增感染的比例，艾滋病毒为0.8 - 0.9，丙型肝炎为0.8 - 1.0，乙型肝炎为0.3 - 0.5，梅毒为1.4 - 1.6。自2001年以来，血液中乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的流行率和发病率有所下降，而新增艾滋病毒感染在2008年和2010年达到峰值并呈上升趋势。此外，2010年首次捐献者中梅毒感染的比例最高。在性别、不同年龄组和不同捐献类型之间，感染流行率和发病率存在显著差异。为了优化献血者选择，应使用经过验证的献血者问卷，并确保献血各环节的保密性。应向献血者明确指出保密自我排除的可能性。
