Buhles William, Kass Philip H
Clinical Science Consulting, Davis, CA, USA.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2012 Sep-Oct;48(5):285-98. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5803. Epub 2012 Jul 27.
Results from investigations conducted in clinical settings contribute greatly to determining how veterinarians practice medicine. It is important for the practitioner to understand how clinical information is collected, analyzed, and communicated in journals and presentations at conferences. Clinical research is either retrospective in observational studies, looking at historical medical records as the source of data, or prospective in both experimental and observational studies, where the study is designed before any patients are included. Prospective, experimental studies provide the more reliable results, although they form a minority of published reports. Randomized, controlled trials are the most reliable format, and attempts should be made to use this design more often in veterinary medicine. Care must be taken in the conduct of clinical research to reduce sources of bias that can yield false findings, particularly in small, retrospective studies. Statistical analysis is the key to data interpretation, but must be applied appropriately to avoid either wrong assumptions or misconception. Regardless of how studies are conducted, it is important for the practitioner to be an astute reader of the clinical literature. An understanding of clinical research methods will result in better medical standard of care recommendations and practice.
在临床环境中进行的调查结果对于确定兽医的行医方式有很大帮助。从业者了解临床信息在期刊和会议报告中是如何收集、分析和交流的很重要。临床研究在观察性研究中要么是回顾性的，将历史病历作为数据来源，要么在实验性和观察性研究中是前瞻性的，即在纳入任何患者之前就设计好研究。前瞻性实验性研究提供的结果更可靠，尽管它们在已发表的报告中占少数。随机对照试验是最可靠的形式，应该尝试在兽医学中更频繁地使用这种设计。在进行临床研究时必须小心，以减少可能产生错误结果的偏差来源，特别是在小型回顾性研究中。统计分析是数据解释的关键，但必须正确应用以避免错误的假设或误解。无论研究如何进行，从业者成为临床文献的敏锐读者都很重要。对临床研究方法的理解将带来更好的医疗护理标准建议和实践。
