Levison Deborah, Langer Anna
Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 301 - 19 Avenue South, Minneapolis MN 55455 USA, Tel. 612-624-3540,
Popul Dev Rev. 2010 Mar 1;36(1):125-149. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00321.x. Epub 2010 Mar 15.
This paper summarizes trends in the use of child domestic servants in six Latin American countries using IPUMS-International census samples for 1960 to 2000. Child domestics are among the most vulnerable of child workers, and the most invisible. They may be treated kindly and allowed to attend school, or they may be secluded in their employers' home, overworked, verbally abused, beaten, and unable to leave or report their difficulties to kin. Estimates and imputations are based on labor force and relationship-to-head variables. We find that domestic service makes up a substantial fraction of girls' employment in some countries. We also analyze trends in live-in versus live-out status and school enrollment of child domestic servants. While all child workers are disadvantaged in enrollment relative to non-workers, domestics are sometimes better off than non-domestic workers. In some samples, live-ins are more likely to go to school than live-out child domestics. In others, they are substantially worse off.
本文利用1960年至2000年国际综合公共使用微数据系列（IPUMS-International）的人口普查样本，总结了六个拉丁美洲国家雇佣儿童家政佣工的趋势。儿童家政佣工属于最弱势的童工群体，也是最不为人所见的群体。他们可能受到善待并被允许上学，也可能被囚禁在雇主家中，过度劳累，遭受言语辱骂、殴打，无法离开或向家人诉说自己的困境。相关估计和推算基于劳动力及与户主关系的变量。我们发现，家政服务在一些国家女孩的就业中占很大比例。我们还分析了住家与不住家儿童家政佣工的现状趋势以及他们的入学情况。虽然所有童工相对于非童工在入学方面都处于劣势，但家政佣工有时比非家政佣工情况要好。在一些样本中，住家儿童家政佣工比不住家的更有可能上学。而在另一些样本中，他们的情况则要糟糕得多。
