Lumos Foundation, Peninsular House, 30-36 Monument Street, London EC3R 8NB, UK.
Gender Violence & Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 28;18(5):2357. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052357.
Child domestic work (CDW) is a hidden form of child labour. Globally, there were an estimated 17.2 million CDWs aged 5-17 in 2012, but there has been little critical analysis of methods and survey instruments used to capture prevalence of CDW. This rapid systematic review identified and critically reviewed the measurement tools used to estimate CDWs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019148702). Fourteen studies were included. In nationally representative surveys, CDW prevalence ranged from 17% among 13-24-year-old females in Haiti to 2% of children aged 10-17 in Brazil. Two good quality studies and one good quality measurement tool were identified. CDW prevalence was assessed using occupation-based methods ( = 9/14), household roster ( = 7) and industry methods ( = 4). Six studies combined approaches. Four studies included task-based questions; one study used this method to formally calculate prevalence. The task-based study estimated 30,000 more CDWs compared to other methods. CDWs are probably being undercounted, based on current standard measurement approaches. We recommend use of more sensitive, task-based methods for inclusion in household surveys. The cognitive and pilot testing of newly developed task-based questions is essential to ensure comprehension. In analyses, researchers should consider CDWs who may be disguised as distant or non-relatives.
儿童家务劳动（CDW）是童工的一种隐蔽形式。全球范围内，2012 年估计有 1720 万 5-17 岁的儿童从事家务劳动，但对于用于捕捉儿童家务劳动流行率的方法和调查工具，几乎没有进行过批判性分析。本快速系统评价根据 PRISMA 指南（PROSPERO 注册：CRD42019148702），确定并批判性地审查了用于估计中低收入国家儿童家务劳动的测量工具。共纳入了 14 项研究。在全国代表性调查中，儿童家务劳动的流行率从海地 13-24 岁女性的 17%到巴西 10-17 岁儿童的 2%不等。确定了两项高质量研究和一项高质量测量工具。CDW 的流行率是通过基于职业的方法（n=9/14）、家庭名册（n=7）和行业方法（n=4）来评估的。有 6 项研究结合了多种方法。四项研究包括基于任务的问题；一项研究使用这种方法正式计算流行率。与其他方法相比，基于任务的研究估计多出 30000 名 CDW。根据当前的标准测量方法，CDW 可能被低估了。我们建议在家庭调查中使用更敏感、基于任务的方法。新开发的基于任务的问题需要进行认知和试点测试，以确保理解。在分析中，研究人员应考虑可能被伪装为远方或非亲属的 CDW。
