Nussinson Ravit, Häfner Michael, Seibt Beate, Strack Fritz, Trope Yaacov
Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel.
Self Identity. 2012 Apr 1;11(2):255-272. doi: 10.1080/15298868.2011.559044. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
Approach and avoidance are two basic motivational orientations. Their activation influences cognitive and perceptive processes: Previous work suggests that an approach orientation instigates a focus on larger units as compared to avoidance. Study 1 confirms this assumption using a paradigm that more directly taps a person's tendency to represent objects as belonging to small or large units than prior studies. It was further predicted that the self should also be represented as belonging to larger units, and hence be more interdependent under approach than under avoidance. Study 2 supports this prediction. As a consequence of this focus on belonging to larger units, it was finally predicted that approach results in a stronger identification with one's in-group than avoidance. Studies 3 and 4 support that prediction.
趋近和回避是两种基本的动机取向。它们的激活会影响认知和感知过程：先前的研究表明，与回避取向相比，趋近取向会促使人们关注更大的单元。研究1使用了一种范式来证实这一假设，该范式比先前的研究更直接地探究了一个人将物体表征为属于小单元或大单元的倾向。进一步预测，自我也应被表征为属于更大的单元，因此在趋近状态下比在回避状态下更具相互依存性。研究2支持了这一预测。由于关注属于更大的单元，最终预测趋近会比回避导致更强的内群体认同。研究3和研究4支持了这一预测。
