Honma Ken-ichi
Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.
Nihon Rinsho. 2012 Jul;70(7):1090-3.
Sleep is regulated by dual oscillatory processes, one is the hierarchical multi oscillatory circadian system and the other is the ultradian rest-activity cycle. The circadian system is composed of the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the peripheral clocks in a variety of tissues which express overt rhythms. The peripheral clock(s) for sleep and wakefulness in nocturnal rodents are strongly regulated by the central clock. By contract, the peripheral clock(s) in humans is more independent of and easily desynchronized from the central clock. Nocturnal sleep is characterized by REM and nonREM cycles which appear alternatively at 1.5 to 2 hour intervals. The origin of ultradian rhythm is not known. We propose an integrated model for the regulation of sleep and wakefulness by two different oscillatory systems.
睡眠由双重振荡过程调节，一个是分层多振荡昼夜节律系统，另一个是超日休息-活动周期。昼夜节律系统由位于视交叉上核的中央时钟和各种表达明显节律的组织中的外周时钟组成。夜行性啮齿动物中睡眠和觉醒的外周时钟受中央时钟的强烈调节。相比之下，人类的外周时钟更独立于中央时钟，且容易与中央时钟不同步。夜间睡眠的特征是快速眼动（REM）和非快速眼动（nonREM）周期，它们以1.5至2小时间隔交替出现。超日节律的起源尚不清楚。我们提出了一个由两种不同振荡系统调节睡眠和觉醒的综合模型。
