BiOMaDe Technology Foundation, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 May;97(10):4385-92. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-4311-x. Epub 2012 Jul 31.
The use of mushroom extracts has been common practice in traditional medicine for centuries, including the treatment of cancer. Proteins called hydrophobins are very abundant in mushrooms. Here, it was examined whether they have antitumor activity. Hydrophobin SC3 of Schizophyllum commune was injected daily intraperitoneally starting 1 day after tumor induction in two tumor mouse models (sarcoma and melanoma). SC3 reduced the size and weight of the melanoma significantly, but the sarcoma seemed not affected. However, microscopic analysis of the tumors 12 days after induction revealed a strong antitumor effect of SC3 on both tumors. The mitotic activity of the tumor decreased 1.6- (melanoma) to 2.3-fold (sarcoma), while the vital mass decreased 2.3- (melanoma) to 4.3-fold (sarcoma) compared to the control. Treatment did not cause any signs of toxicity. Behavior, animal growth, and weight of organs were similar to animals injected with vehicle, and no histological abnormalities were found in the organs. In vitro cell culture studies revealed no direct cytotoxic effect of SC3 towards sarcoma cells, while cytotoxic activity was observed towards melanoma cells at a high SC3 concentration. Daily treatment with SC3 did not result in detectable levels of anti-SC3 antibodies in the plasma. Instead, a cellular immune response was observed. Incubation of spleen cells with SC3 resulted in a 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in interleukin-10 and TNF-α mRNA levels. In conclusion, the nontoxic fungal hydrophobin SC3 showed tumor-suppressive activity possibly via immunomodulation and may be of benefit as adjuvant in combination with chemotherapy and radiation.
蘑菇提取物在传统医学中被广泛应用已有数个世纪之久，包括癌症的治疗。在蘑菇中，存在大量的一种叫做疏水性蛋白的蛋白质。在这里，研究人员检测了这些疏水性蛋白是否具有抗肿瘤活性。从肿瘤诱导后第 1 天开始，每天通过腹腔内注射的方式向两种肿瘤小鼠模型（肉瘤和黑色素瘤）中注射来自栓菌（Schizophyllum commune）的疏水性蛋白 SC3。SC3 显著减小了黑色素瘤的大小和重量，但肉瘤似乎没有受到影响。然而，在诱导后 12 天对肿瘤进行显微镜分析显示，SC3 对两种肿瘤均具有强烈的抗肿瘤作用。肿瘤的有丝分裂活性降低了 1.6 倍（黑色素瘤）至 2.3 倍（肉瘤），而存活质量则降低了 2.3 倍（黑色素瘤）至 4.3 倍（肉瘤），与对照组相比。治疗未引起任何毒性迹象。行为、动物生长和器官重量与注射载体的动物相似，并且在器官中未发现组织学异常。体外细胞培养研究表明，SC3 对肉瘤细胞没有直接的细胞毒性作用，而在高 SC3 浓度下对黑色素瘤细胞表现出细胞毒性活性。每日用 SC3 治疗不会导致血浆中可检测到抗 SC3 抗体。相反，观察到了细胞免疫反应。用 SC3 孵育脾细胞会导致白细胞介素-10 和 TNF-α mRNA 水平增加 1.5 至 2.5 倍。总之，非毒性真菌疏水性蛋白 SC3 表现出肿瘤抑制活性，可能通过免疫调节作用实现，并且可能作为化疗和放疗的辅助剂具有益处。
