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儿童如何解决《伊索寓言》中的问题?

How do children solve Aesop's Fable?

机构信息

Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40574. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040574. Epub 2012 Jul 25.

Abstract

Studies on members of the crow family using the "Aesop's Fable" paradigm have revealed remarkable abilities in these birds, and suggested a mechanism by which associative learning and folk physics may interact when learning new problems. In the present study, children between 4 and 10 years of age were tested on the same tasks as the birds. Overall the performance of the children between 5-7-years was similar to that of the birds, while children from 8-years were able to succeed in all tasks from the first trial. However the pattern of performance across tasks suggested that different learning mechanisms might be being employed by children than by adult birds. Specifically, it is possible that in children, unlike corvids, performance is not affected by counter-intuitive mechanism cues.

摘要

使用“伊索寓言”范式对鸦科鸟类的研究揭示了这些鸟类令人惊讶的能力,并提出了一种联想学习和民间物理学在解决新问题时相互作用的机制。在本研究中,4 至 10 岁的儿童接受了与鸟类相同的任务测试。总的来说,5-7 岁儿童的表现与鸟类相似,而 8 岁儿童能够在第一次尝试时成功完成所有任务。然而,跨任务的表现模式表明,儿童使用的学习机制可能与成年鸟类不同。具体来说,与鸦科鸟类不同的是,儿童的表现可能不受违反直觉的机制线索的影响。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1900/3405099/9e3d7548ff38/pone.0040574.g001.jpg

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