Department of Psychology, 102 Gilmer Hall, P.O. Box 400400, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, United States.
Cogn Psychol. 2010 Nov;61(3):248-72. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2010.06.002. Epub 2010 Jul 22.
How do children resolve conflicts between a self-generated belief and what they are told? Four studies investigated the circumstances under which toddlers would trust testimony that conflicted with their expectations about the physical world. Thirty-month-olds believed testimony that conflicted with a naive bias (Study 1), and they also repeatedly trusted testimony that conflicted with an event they had just seen (Study 2)-even when they had an incentive to ignore the testimony (Study 3). Children responded more skeptically if they could see that the testimony was wrong as it was being delivered (Study 3), or if they had the opportunity to accumulate evidence confirming their initial belief before hearing someone contradict it (Study 4). Together, these studies demonstrate that toddlers have a robust bias to trust even surprising testimony, but this trust can be influenced by how much confidence they have in their initial belief.
儿童如何解决自我生成的信念与他们被告知的内容之间的冲突？四项研究调查了幼儿在什么情况下会相信与他们对物理世界的预期相冲突的证词。30 个月大的婴儿相信与幼稚偏见相冲突的证词（研究 1），并且即使他们有忽视证词的动机，他们也会反复相信与他们刚刚看到的事件相冲突的证词（研究 2）-甚至在他们有机会在听到有人反驳它之前积累证据来证实他们最初的信念（研究 4）。这些研究表明，幼儿有一种强烈的信任倾向，即使是令人惊讶的证词，也会相信，但这种信任会受到他们对最初信念的信心程度的影响。
