Grande Enrique, Díez Juan José, Zafon Carles, Capdevila Jaume
Department of Medical Oncology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
J Thyroid Res. 2012;2012:847108. doi: 10.1155/2012/847108. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
Despite that thyroid cancer accounts for over 90% of tumors that arise from the endocrine system, these tumors barely represent 2% of solid tumors in adults. Many entities are grouped under the general term of thyroid cancer, and they differ in histological features as well as molecular and clinical behavior. Thus, the prognosis for patients with thyroid cancer ranges from a survival rate of >97% at 5 years, in the case of differentiated thyroid tumors sensitive to radioactive iodine, to a 4-month median survival for anaplastic tumors. The high vascularity in these tumors and the important role that oncogenic mutations may have in the RAS/RAF/MEK pathway and oncogenicity (as suggested by activating mutations and rearrangements of the RET gene) have led to the development of multitarget inhibitors in different histological subgroups of patients. The correct molecular characterization of patients with thyroid cancer is thought to be a key aspect for the future clinical management of these patients.
尽管甲状腺癌占内分泌系统肿瘤的90%以上，但这些肿瘤在成人实体瘤中仅占2%。许多实体被归为甲状腺癌这一统称之下，它们在组织学特征以及分子和临床行为方面存在差异。因此，甲状腺癌患者的预后差异很大，对于对放射性碘敏感的分化型甲状腺肿瘤，5年生存率>97%，而间变性肿瘤的中位生存期为4个月。这些肿瘤的高血管化以及致癌突变在RAS/RAF/MEK途径和致癌性中可能发挥的重要作用（如RET基因的激活突变和重排所提示），促使针对不同组织学亚组患者开发多靶点抑制剂。甲状腺癌患者的正确分子特征被认为是这些患者未来临床管理的关键方面。
