Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council, 35131 Padua, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2012 Jul;4(7):536-53. doi: 10.3390/toxins4070536. Epub 2012 Jul 10.
The mechanism of phagosome escape by intracellular pathogens is an important step in the infectious cycle. During the establishment of anthrax, Bacillus anthracis undergoes a transient intracellular phase in which spores are engulfed by local phagocytes. Spores germinate inside phagosomes and grow to vegetative bacilli, which emerge from their resident intracellular compartments, replicate and eventually exit from the plasma membrane. During germination, B. anthracis secretes multiple factors that can help its resistance to the phagocytes. Here the possible role of B. anthracis toxins, phospholipases, antioxidant enzymes and capsules in the phagosomal escape and survival, is analyzed and compared with that of factors of other microbial pathogens involved in the same type of process.
胞内病原体逃避吞噬体的机制是感染周期中的重要步骤。在炭疽病的建立过程中，炭疽芽孢杆菌经历了一个短暂的细胞内阶段，在此期间，孢子被局部吞噬细胞吞噬。孢子在吞噬体中发芽并生长为营养型杆菌，从其驻留的细胞隔室中逸出，复制并最终从质膜逸出。在发芽过程中，炭疽杆菌分泌多种因子，有助于其抵抗吞噬细胞。本文分析了炭疽杆菌毒素、磷脂酶、抗氧化酶和荚膜在吞噬体逃避和存活中的可能作用，并与参与同一类型过程的其他微生物病原体的因子进行了比较。
