Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 May 16;13(5):355. doi: 10.3390/toxins13050355.
(), a natural pathogen of different invertebrates, primarily insects, is widely used as a biological control agent. While -based preparations are claimed to be safe for non-target organisms due to the immense host specificity of the bacterium, the growing evidence witnesses the distant consequences of their application for natural communities. For instance, upon introduction to soil habitats, strains can affect indigenous microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and further establish complex relationships with local plants, ranging from a mostly beneficial demeanor, to pathogenesis-like plant colonization. By exerting a direct effect on target insects, can indirectly affect other organisms in the food chain. Furthermore, they can also exert an off-target activity on various soil and terrestrial invertebrates, and the frequent acquisition of virulence factors unrelated to major insecticidal toxins can extend the host range to vertebrates, including humans. Even in the absence of direct detrimental effects, the exposure to treatment may affect non-target organisms by reducing prey base and its nutritional value, resulting in delayed alleviation of their viability. The immense phenotypic plasticity of strains, coupled with the complexity of ecological relationships they can engage in, indicates that further assessment of future -based pesticides' safety should consider multiple levels of ecosystem organization and extend to a wide variety of their inhabitants.
（）是一种天然病原体，主要感染昆虫等不同的无脊椎动物，被广泛用作生物防治剂。尽管基于 - 的制剂因其宿主特异性而被认为对非目标生物是安全的，但越来越多的证据表明，它们在自然群落中的应用会产生深远的后果。例如，当引入土壤生境时， 菌株可以影响本地的微生物，如细菌和真菌，并且与当地植物建立复杂的关系，从主要有益的表现到类似病原菌的植物定植。通过直接作用于目标昆虫， 可以间接影响食物链中的其他生物。此外，它们还可以对各种土壤和陆地无脊椎动物产生非靶标活性，并且频繁获得与主要杀虫毒素无关的毒力因子可以将 宿主范围扩展到包括人类在内的脊椎动物。即使没有直接的有害影响，接触 处理也可能通过减少猎物基数及其营养价值来影响非目标生物，从而延迟其生存能力的恢复。 菌株的巨大表型可塑性，加上它们可能参与的生态关系的复杂性，表明未来基于 - 的农药的安全性评估应考虑到生态系统组织的多个层次，并扩展到其各种居民。
