Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 2012 Oct;26(7):769-75. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.006. Epub 2012 Jul 17.
Little is known about post-combat psychological reactions of warriors prior to the Twentieth Century. We estimated rates of suicide, alcohol abuse, and probable psychiatric illness among Union Forces during the U.S. Civil War via examination of data compiled by the Union Army. White active-duty military personnel suicide rates ranged from 8.74 to 14.54 per 100,000 during the war, and surged to 30.4 the year after the war. For blacks, rates ranged from 17.7 in the first year of their entry into the war (1863), to 0 in their second year, and 1.8 in the year after the war. Rates for most other relevant domains, including chronic alcoholism, "nostalgia," and insanity, were extremely low (<1.0%) by modern day standards. Data provide contextual information on suicide and psychiatric variables for combatants during the U.S. Civil War, a brutal modern war with vastly higher casualty rates than recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
关于 20 世纪以前战士在战斗后的心理反应，人们知之甚少。我们通过对联邦军队编制的数据进行检查，估算了美国内战期间联邦军队的自杀率、酗酒率和可能的精神疾病发病率。在战争期间，白人现役军人的自杀率为每 10 万人 8.74 至 14.54 人，战后第一年飙升至 30.4 人。对于黑人，其比率在他们参战的第一年（1863 年）为 17.7，第二年为 0，战后第一年为 1.8。根据现代标准，大多数其他相关领域的比率都极低（<1.0%），包括慢性酗酒、“思乡病”和精神错乱。这些数据为美国内战期间的参战人员提供了有关自杀和精神变量的背景信息，这场残酷的现代战争的伤亡率远远高于伊拉克和阿富汗的最近几场战争。
