Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2012 Apr;31(2):71-8. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720011.
No matter how mild, dehydration is not a desirable condition because there is an imbalance in the homeostatic function of the internal environment. This can adversely affect cognitive performance, not only in groups more vulnerable to dehydration, such as children and the elderly, but also in young adults. However, few studies have examined the impact of mild or moderate dehydration on cognitive performance. This paper reviews the principal findings from studies published to date examining cognitive skills. Being dehydrated by just 2% impairs performance in tasks that require attention, psychomotor, and immediate memory skills, as well as assessment of the subjective state. In contrast, the performance of long-term and working memory tasks and executive functions is more preserved, especially if the cause of dehydration is moderate physical exercise. The lack of consistency in the evidence published to date is largely due to the different methodology applied, and an attempt should be made to standardize methods for future studies. These differences relate to the assessment of cognitive performance, the method used to cause dehydration, and the characteristics of the participants.
无论多么轻微，脱水都不是一种理想的状态，因为体内环境的动态平衡会被打破。这会对认知表现产生不利影响，不仅在儿童和老年人等更容易脱水的人群中如此，在年轻成年人中也是如此。然而，很少有研究调查轻度或中度脱水对认知表现的影响。本文综述了迄今为止发表的研究中关于认知技能的主要发现。仅仅脱水 2%就会影响需要注意力、心理运动和即时记忆技能的任务的表现，以及对主观状态的评估。相比之下，长期和工作记忆任务以及执行功能的表现则更为保留，特别是如果脱水的原因是适度的体育锻炼。迄今为止发表的证据缺乏一致性，主要是由于所采用的不同方法，应该尝试为未来的研究标准化方法。这些差异与认知表现的评估、导致脱水的方法以及参与者的特征有关。
