Pross Nathalie
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2017;70 Suppl 1:30-36. doi: 10.1159/000463060. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the publication of literature dealing with the effects of mild dehydration on cognition in healthy adults. Fewer studies, leading to less consistent data, involved other age groups.
In healthy young adults refraining from drinking or participating in dehydration protocols, it was found that mild dehydration had no impact on performance, whereas the mood was widely impaired. Several studies have also been conducted in young children either as observational studies or as interventional studies. Nevertheless, methodological differences in (de)hydration monitoring, in cognitive assessments, and in the age/brain maturation of study participants, often resulted in contradictory findings regarding the cognitive functions impacted by (de)hydration. Although not consistent, these data showed that not only mood but also performance tend to be impaired by dehydration in children. Even if older adults are likely to be more vulnerable to dehydration than younger adults, very few studies have been conducted in this regard in this population. The results show that, like it is in children, cognition tends to be impaired when the elderly are dehydrated. Taken together, these studies suggest that dehydration has greater detrimental effects in vulnerable populations. Recent imaging data suggest that the brain of children and elderly adults may have fewer resources to manage the effects of dehydration. Consequently, cognitive tasks may be more demanding for younger and older brains and performance more likely to be impaired in these populations, in comparison to young healthy subjects who have greater and more efficient resources.
在过去十年中，关于轻度脱水对健康成年人认知影响的文献发表量有所增加。涉及其他年龄组的研究较少，导致数据一致性较差。
在健康的年轻成年人中，若他们不饮水或参与脱水方案，研究发现轻度脱水对其表现没有影响，但情绪受到广泛损害。也有一些针对幼儿的研究，包括观察性研究和干预性研究。然而，在（脱）水监测、认知评估以及研究参与者的年龄/大脑成熟度方面存在方法学差异，这常常导致关于（脱）水对认知功能影响的相互矛盾的结果。尽管数据并不一致，但这些数据表明，脱水不仅会影响儿童的情绪，还会影响其表现。即使老年人可能比年轻人更容易脱水，但针对该人群在这方面的研究却很少。结果表明，与儿童一样，老年人脱水时认知能力往往会受损。综合来看，这些研究表明脱水对弱势群体有更大的有害影响。最近的影像学数据表明，儿童和老年人的大脑可能有较少的资源来应对脱水的影响。因此，与拥有更多且更有效资源的年轻健康受试者相比，认知任务对年轻人和老年人的大脑可能要求更高，这些人群的表现更有可能受到损害。
