Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Apr 14;109(7):1230-40. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512003121. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
The present study examines the effect of animal-source-food (ASF) intake on arm muscle area growth as part of a larger study examining causal links between ASF intake, growth rate, physical activity, cognitive function and micronutrient status in Kenyan schoolchildren. This randomised, controlled feeding intervention study was designed with three isoenergetic feeding interventions of meat, milk, and plain traditional vegetable stew (githeri), and a control group receiving no snack. A total of twelve elementary schools were randomly assigned to interventions, with three schools per group, and two cohorts of 518 and 392 schoolchildren were enrolled 1 year apart. Children in each cohort were given feedings at school and studied for three school terms per year over 2 years, a total of 9 months per year: cohort I from 1998 to 2000 and cohort II from 1999 to 2001. Food intake was assessed by 24 h recall every 1-2 months and biochemical analysis for micronutrient status conducted annually (in cohort I only). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, triceps skinfold (TSF) and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC). Mid-upper-arm muscle area (MAMA) and mid-upper-arm fat area (MAFA) were calculated. The two cohorts were combined for analyses. The meat group showed the steepest rates of gain in MUAC and MAMA over time, and the milk group showed the next largest significant MUAC and MAMA gain compared with the plain githeri and control groups (P< 0.05). The meat group showed the least increase in TSF and MAFA of all groups. These findings have implications for increasing micronutrient intake and lean body mass in primary schoolchildren consuming vegetarian diets.
本研究考察了动物源食品（ASF）摄入对臂肌面积增长的影响，这是一项更大规模研究的一部分，该研究旨在检验肯尼亚学童 ASF 摄入、生长速度、体力活动、认知功能和微量营养素状况之间的因果关系。这项随机对照喂养干预研究设计了三种等能量喂养干预措施，即肉、奶和普通传统蔬菜炖菜（githeri），以及一个不接受零食的对照组。共有 12 所小学被随机分配到干预组，每组 3 所，两组 518 名和 392 名学童在 1 年内入学。每个队列的儿童在学校接受喂养，并在每年 3 个学期进行研究，为期 2 年，每年共 9 个月：队列 I 从 1998 年至 2000 年，队列 II 从 1999 年至 2001 年。通过每 1-2 个月进行一次 24 小时回顾和每年进行一次（仅在队列 I 中）生化分析来评估食物摄入量。人体测量学测量包括身高、体重、三头肌皮褶厚度（TSF）和中上臂周长（MUAC）。计算中上臂肌肉面积（MAMA）和中上臂脂肪面积（MAFA）。两个队列合并进行分析。随着时间的推移，肉类组的 MUAC 和 MAMA 增长率最高，而牛奶组与普通 githeri 和对照组相比，MUAC 和 MAMA 增长率次之（P<0.05）。与所有组相比，肉类组的 TSF 和 MAFA 增加最少。这些发现对于增加食用素食的小学生的微量营养素摄入和瘦体重具有重要意义。
