Sinonasal disease and orbital cellulitis in children.

Sinonasal disease is common in the pediatric population because of anatomic, environmental, and physiologic factors. Once paranasal sinusitis develops, orbital cellulitis is a concerning sequela that can result in loss of visual acuity and even intracranial disease. Thus, a clear history and physical examination in conjunction with radiographic studies are critical to a correct diagnosis and timely institution of treatment that may include hospitalization, serial ophthalmologic examinations, intravenous antibiotics, and surgery. The serious nature of orbital cellulitis in children cannot be overestimated; but, if prompt and appropriate treatment is initiated, the prognosis is excellent and long-term sequelae should be limited.