Galloway R L, Maciunas R J
Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1990;18(3):181-205.
Stereotactic neurosurgery is the technique for locating targets of surgical interest within the brain relative to an external frame of reference. Traditionally, that has meant temporarily attaching a mechanical frame to the patient's skull or scalp. Recent techniques are moving toward ways of reducing the trauma to the patient while retaining the information provided by the frame. Historically, the predominant use of the frames was for placement of electrodes. The advent of computed tomography led to a rebirth of stereotaxy for biopsy and as a guide for resection. Recent advances in computing are supplementing these techniques to allow improved surgical planning and intraoperative information. Finally, highly directed radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery is discussed.
立体定向神经外科手术是一种相对于外部参考框架在脑内定位手术关注靶点的技术。传统上，这意味着将一个机械框架临时附着在患者的颅骨或头皮上。最近的技术正朝着在减少对患者创伤的同时保留框架所提供信息的方向发展。从历史上看，框架的主要用途是放置电极。计算机断层扫描的出现使立体定向技术在活检及作为切除引导方面得以重生。计算技术的最新进展正在补充这些技术，以实现更好的手术规划和术中信息获取。最后，将讨论高剂量定向放射治疗或立体定向放射外科手术。
