Hickey Leah, Jacobs Susan E, Garland Suzanne M
Women's Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Sep;48(9):777-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02508.x. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
Probiotics are micro-organisms that confer health benefits on the host. Postulated mechanisms include: increasing resistance of the mucosal barrier to migration of bacteria and their toxins by strengthening intestinal cell junctions, modification of host response to microbial products, augmentation of immunoglobulin A mucosal responses, enhancement of enteral nutrition to inhibit the growth of pathogens; production of antimicrobial proteins; and competitive exclusion of potential pathogens. Published meta-analyses and systematic reviews report the effects of probiotics on important clinical outcomes in neonates. This paper will review the evidence for probiotic supplementation in neonatology, with a focus on preterm infants.
益生菌是对宿主有益健康的微生物。推测的机制包括：通过加强肠道细胞连接增加黏膜屏障对细菌及其毒素迁移的抵抗力、改变宿主对微生物产物的反应、增强免疫球蛋白A黏膜反应、增强肠内营养以抑制病原体生长；产生抗菌蛋白；以及竞争性排除潜在病原体。已发表的荟萃分析和系统评价报告了益生菌对新生儿重要临床结局的影响。本文将综述新生儿学中补充益生菌的证据，重点关注早产儿。
