Dr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins Center for Weight & Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
Child Obes. 2012 Aug;8(4):339-46. doi: 10.1089/chi.2012.0009.
There is limited evidence to evaluate the influence of competitive food and beverage legislation on school meal program participation and revenues.
A representative sample of 56 California high schools was recruited to collect school-level data before (2006–2007) and the year after (2007–2008) policies regarding limiting competitive foods and beverages were required to be implemented. Data were obtained from school records, observations, and questionnaires. Paired t-tests assessed significance of change between the two time points.
Average participation in lunch increased from 21.7% to 25.3% (p < 0.001), representing a 17.0% increase, while average participation in breakfast increased from 8.9% to 10.3% (p = 0.02), representing a 16.0% increase. There was a significant (23.0%) increase in average meal revenue, from $0.70 to $0.86 (per student per day) (p < 0.001). There was a nonsignificant decrease (18.0%) in average sales from à la carte foods, from $0.45 to $0.37 (per student per day). Compliance with food and beverage standards also increased significantly. At end point, compliance with beverage standards was higher (71.0%) than compliance with food standards (65.7%).
Competitive food and beverage legislation can increase food service revenues when accompanied by increased rates of participation in the meal program. Future studies collecting expense data will be needed to determine impact on net revenues.
目前评估竞争性食品和饮料法规对学校供餐计划参与度和收益的影响的证据有限。
在需要实施限制竞争性食品和饮料政策之前（2006-2007 年）和之后一年（2007-2008 年），从加利福尼亚州的 56 所高中中抽取了一个具有代表性的样本，收集学校层面的数据。数据来自学校记录、观察和问卷调查。采用配对 t 检验评估两个时间点之间变化的显著性。
午餐参与率从 21.7%增加到 25.3%（p < 0.001），增长了 17.0%，而早餐参与率从 8.9%增加到 10.3%（p = 0.02），增长了 16.0%。平均每餐收入从 0.70 美元增加到 0.86 美元（每名学生每天）（p < 0.001），增长了 23.0%。从 à la carte 食品的平均销售额（每名学生每天）从 0.45 美元下降到 0.37 美元，下降了 18.0%，但无显著意义。食品和饮料标准的合规性也显著提高。在研究结束时，饮料标准的合规性（71.0%）高于食品标准的合规性（65.7%）。
当与参与膳食计划的比例增加相结合时，竞争性食品和饮料法规可以增加食品服务收入。未来需要收集费用数据的研究将确定对净收入的影响。
