Cohen Juliana F W, Gorski Mary T, Hoffman Jessica A, Rosenfeld Lindsay, Chaffee Ruth, Smith Lauren, Catalano Paul J, Rimm Eric B
Department of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Interfaculty Initiative in Health Policy, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Am J Prev Med. 2016 Oct;51(4):485-92. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.02.031. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
In 2012, the updated U.S. Department of Agriculture school meals standards and a competitive food law similar to the fully implemented version of the national Smart Snack standards went into effect in Massachusetts. This study evaluated the impact of these updated school meal standards and Massachusetts' comprehensive competitive food standards on school food revenues and school lunch participation.
Revenue and participation data from 11 Massachusetts school districts were collected from 2011 to 2014 and analyzed in 2015 using multilevel modeling. The association between the change in compliance with the competitive food standards and revenues/participation was assessed using linear regression.
Schools experienced declines in school food revenues of $15.40/student in Year 1 from baseline (p=0.05), due to competitive food revenue losses. In schools with 3 years of data, overall revenues rebounded by the second year post-implementation. Additionally, by Year 2, school lunch participation increased by 15% (p=0.0006) among children eligible for reduced-price meals. Better competitive food compliance was inversely associated with school food revenues in the first year only; an absolute change in compliance by 10% was associated with a $9.78/student decrease in food revenues over the entire school year (p=0.04). No association was seen between the change in compliance and school meal participation.
Schools experienced initial revenue losses after implementation of the standards, yet longer-term school food revenues were not impacted and school meal participation increased among children eligible for reduced-price meals. Weakening the school meal or competitive food guidelines based on revenue concerns appears unwarranted.
2012年，美国农业部更新的学校膳食标准以及一项类似于全面实施版全国明智小吃标准的竞争性食品法在马萨诸塞州生效。本研究评估了这些更新后的学校膳食标准以及马萨诸塞州全面的竞争性食品标准对学校食品收入和学校午餐参与率的影响。
收集了2011年至2014年马萨诸塞州11个学区的收入和参与数据，并于2015年使用多层次模型进行分析。使用线性回归评估遵守竞争性食品标准的变化与收入/参与率之间的关联。
由于竞争性食品收入损失，学校在第1年的学校食品收入较基线水平每名学生下降了15.40美元（p = 0.05）。在有3年数据的学校中，总体收入在实施后的第二年出现反弹。此外，到第2年，符合减价餐条件的儿童中学校午餐参与率提高了15%（p = 0.0006）。更好地遵守竞争性食品标准仅在第一年与学校食品收入呈负相关；遵守率绝对变化10%与整个学年每名学生食品收入减少9.78美元相关（p = 0.04）。未发现遵守情况的变化与学校膳食参与率之间存在关联。
实施这些标准后，学校初期收入出现损失，但长期来看学校食品收入并未受到影响，符合减价餐条件的儿童中学校膳食参与率有所提高。基于收入担忧而削弱学校膳食或竞争性食品指南似乎没有必要。
