Hsia L S, Long M H
Nurse-Midwifery Program, SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203.
J Nurse Midwifery. 1990 Nov-Dec;35(6):351-7. doi: 10.1016/s0091-2182(05)80017-5.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a constellation of physical and psychologic symptoms, is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, particularly women in their 30s or older and among women of greater parity. Symptoms must occur in the luteal phase with resolution or improvement within one or two days of the onset of menses. Numerous hypotheses have been espoused to explain the etiology of PMS, but no definitive cause has been established. The management of PMS may include simple measures such as exercise, dietary changes, and vitamin supplementation. Pharmacologic agents such as progesterone, prostaglandin inhibitors, diuretics, oral contraceptives, or psychotropic drugs may be useful in selected clients. Support and counseling is of paramount importance in the management of PMS. Nurse-midwives can manage women who have minor and transient physiologic and emotional changes associated with mild degrees of PMS. Women with moderate and severe symptoms should be referred for evaluation and follow-up.
经前综合征（PMS）是一系列身体和心理症状，是育龄女性尤其是30岁及以上女性和多产女性的常见主诉。症状必须出现在黄体期，并在月经开始后的一到两天内缓解或改善。人们提出了许多假说来解释经前综合征的病因，但尚未确定明确的病因。经前综合征的管理可能包括一些简单措施，如运动、饮食改变和补充维生素。孕激素、前列腺素抑制剂、利尿剂、口服避孕药或精神药物等药物可能对特定患者有用。支持和咨询在经前综合征的管理中至关重要。助产士可以管理那些有与轻度经前综合征相关的轻微和短暂生理及情绪变化的女性。有中度和重度症状的女性应转诊进行评估和随访。
