Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014, Turku, Finland.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2013 Apr;44(2):305-19. doi: 10.1007/s10578-012-0326-x.
In a prospective population-based study, mothers and fathers of 1,247 children reported their physical and mental health during pregnancy, after delivery, within the child's first 18 months of life, and at 12 years. Additionally, maternal health clinic nurses rated parents' well-being and perceived need for support. At age 12, child outcomes were also measured using CBCL and YSR externalizing and internalizing scales. Results indicate that both ante- and postnatal maternal distress predicted future externalizing problems in offspring. Conversely, fathers' postnatal distress predicted subsequent internalizing problems. Furthermore, mother's depressed mood in the first trimester best predicted the child's externalizing problems at age 12. Nurses's ratings of mother's antenatal and perinatal need for support, perinatal distress, and family's need for support were associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems at age 12. Maternal antenatal distress increases the risk of offspring's externalizing problems in preadolescense, and postnatal distress in either parent increases the risk of internalizing problems. Parental self-reports and indirect ratings from health care providers during pregnancy and infancy may therefore reliably recognize offspring at risk for subsequent psychiatric symptomatology.
在一项前瞻性的基于人群的研究中，1247 名儿童的母亲和父亲在怀孕期间、分娩后、孩子生命的头 18 个月以及 12 岁时报告了他们的身心健康状况。此外，母亲健康诊所的护士评估了父母的幸福感和感知到的支持需求。在 12 岁时，还使用 CBCL 和 YSR 外化和内化量表测量了儿童的结果。结果表明，产前和产后的母亲困扰都预示着后代未来的外化问题。相反，父亲产后的困扰预示着随后的内化问题。此外，母亲在孕早期的抑郁情绪最能预测孩子在 12 岁时的外化问题。护士对母亲产前和围产期支持需求、围产期困扰以及家庭支持需求的评估与儿童在 12 岁时的内化和外化问题都有关联。母亲产前困扰增加了子女在青春期前出现外化问题的风险，而父母中任何一方的产后困扰都会增加内化问题的风险。因此，在怀孕期间和婴儿期，父母的自我报告和来自医疗保健提供者的间接评估可能可靠地识别出有后续精神症状风险的子女。
