The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology & Environmental Research and Consulting, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;64(3):504-15. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.07.006. Epub 2012 Aug 1.
Polyurethanes (PU) are polymers made from diisocyanates and polyols for a variety of consumer products. It has been suggested that PU foam may contain trace amounts of residual toluene diisocyanate (TDI) monomers and present a health risk. To address this concern, the exposure scenario and health risks posed by sleeping on a PU foam mattress were evaluated. Toxicity benchmarks for key non-cancer endpoints (i.e., irritation, sensitization, respiratory tract effects) were determined by dividing points of departure by uncertainty factors. The cancer benchmark was derived using the USEPA Benchmark Dose Software. Results of previous migration and emission data of TDI from PU foam were combined with conservative exposure factors to calculate upper-bound dermal and inhalation exposures to TDI as well as a lifetime average daily dose to TDI from dermal exposure. For each non-cancer endpoint, the toxicity benchmark was divided by the calculated exposure to determine the margin of safety (MOS), which ranged from 200 (respiratory tract) to 3×10(6) (irritation). Although available data indicate TDI is not carcinogenic, a theoretical excess cancer risk (1×10(-7)) was calculated. We conclude from this assessment that sleeping on a PU foam mattress does not pose TDI-related health risks to consumers.
聚氨基甲酸酯（PU）是由二异氰酸酯和多元醇制成的聚合物，用于各种消费产品。有人提出，PU 泡沫可能含有微量的残留甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）单体，并存在健康风险。为了解决这一担忧，评估了睡在 PU 泡沫床垫上的暴露情况和健康风险。通过将起始点除以不确定因素，确定了关键非癌症终点（即刺激、致敏、呼吸道影响）的毒性基准。癌症基准是使用美国环保署基准剂量软件得出的。先前从 PU 泡沫中迁移和排放 TDI 的数据与保守的暴露因素相结合，以计算 TDI 的上限皮肤和吸入暴露以及 TDI 的终生平均每日皮肤暴露剂量。对于每个非癌症终点，将毒性基准除以计算出的暴露量，以确定安全边际（MOS），范围从 200（呼吸道）到 3×10（6）（刺激）。尽管现有数据表明 TDI 没有致癌性，但计算出了理论上的超额癌症风险（1×10（-7））。我们从这项评估中得出结论，睡在 PU 泡沫床垫上不会对消费者造成与 TDI 相关的健康风险。
