Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2012 Dec;14(6):505-14. doi: 10.1007/s11883-012-0275-7.
The relationship between dietary fiber and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied. There is considerable epidemiological evidence indicating an inverse association between dietary fiber intake and CVD risk. The association has been found to be stronger for cereal fiber than for fruit or vegetable fiber, and several studies have also found increased whole grain consumption to be associated with CVD risk reduction. In light of this evidence, recent US dietary guidelines have endorsed increased consumption of fiber rich whole grains. Regular consumption of dietary fiber, particularly fiber from cereal sources, may improve CVD health through multiple mechanisms including lipid reduction, body weight regulation, improved glucose metabolism, blood pressure control, and reduction of chronic inflammation. Future research should focus on various food sources of fiber, including different types of whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, as well as resistant starch in relation to CVD risk and weight control; explore the biological mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effect of fiber-rich diets; and study different ethnic groups and populations with varying sources of dietary fiber.
膳食纤维与心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间的关系已得到广泛研究。有相当多的流行病学证据表明，膳食纤维摄入量与 CVD 风险呈负相关。研究发现，谷物纤维与 CVD 风险的相关性强于水果或蔬菜纤维，几项研究还发现，增加全谷物的摄入量与降低 CVD 风险有关。有鉴于此，最近的美国膳食指南支持增加富含膳食纤维的全谷物的消费。经常食用膳食纤维，特别是来自谷物的膳食纤维，可能通过多种机制改善 CVD 健康，包括降低血脂、控制体重、改善葡萄糖代谢、控制血压和减少慢性炎症。未来的研究应侧重于膳食纤维的各种食物来源，包括不同类型的全谷物、豆类、水果、蔬菜和坚果，以及与 CVD 风险和体重控制有关的抗性淀粉；探索富含膳食纤维的饮食对心脏的保护作用的生物学机制；并研究不同的种族群体和不同膳食纤维来源的人群。
