Cardiovascular adjustments to exercise distributed between the upper and lower body.

The present study examined the hemodynamic differences between upper- and lower-body exercise where the total power output (PO) was proportionally distributed between the upper and lower body. Six males completed five combinations of arm-leg exercise at maximal and three submaximal intensities. The ratio of arm PO to total PO for each exercise combination was 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. At each submaximal intensity, VO2 and cardiac output (Q) were not different (P greater than 0.05) across exercise combinations. Likewise, heart rate (HR) responses were not different for 0, 25, 50, and 75% at level 1 (mean = 102, 102, 106, 106 beats.min-1, respectively), level 2 (mean = 114, 110, 119, 118 beats.min-1, respectively), and level 3 (mean = 127, 124, 132, 131 beats.min-1, respectively). However, HR for 100% (arm-only exercise) tended to be higher than 0% at level 1 (delta HR = 10 beats.min-1; P less than 0.10), level 2 (delta HR = 12 beats.min-1, P less than 0.06) and level 3 (delta HR = 10 beats.min-1; P less than 0.06). At level 1, stroke volume (SV) remained essentially unchanged from 0-75%, while SV at 100% (108 ml) was slightly though not significantly lower (P less than 0.10) than 0% (125 ml). At exercise levels 2 and 3, SV remained unchanged for 0 and 25%; however, SV at 50, 75, and 100% were generally lower (P less than 0.05) compared with 0%. These results indicate that involving the leg musculature to varying degrees during arm-leg exercise attenuates the hemodynamic differences observed during strict upper body versus strict lower body exercise.