Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria.
Br J Sports Med. 2012 Dec;46(15):1059-64. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091048. Epub 2012 Aug 7.
There is limited knowledge about key injury risk factors in alpine ski racing, particularly for World Cup (WC) athletes.
This study was undertaken to compile and explore perceived intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for severe injuries in WC alpine ski racing.
Qualitative study. Interviews were conducted with 61 expert stakeholders of the WC ski racing community. Experts' statements were collected, paraphrased and loaded into a database with inductively derived risk factor categories (Risk Factor Analysis). At the end of the interviews, experts were asked to name those risk factors they believed to have a high potential impact on injury risk and to rank them according to their priority of impact (Risk Factor Rating).
In total, 32 perceived risk factors categories were derived from the interviews within the basic categories Athlete, Course, Equipment and Snow. Regarding their perceived impact on injury risk, the experts' top five categories were: system ski, binding, plate and boot; changing snow conditions; physical aspects of the athletes; speed and course setting aspects and speed in general.
Severe injuries in WC alpine ski racing can have various causes. This study compiled a list of perceived intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and explored those factors with the highest believed impact on injury risk. Hence, by using more detailed hypotheses derived from this explorative study, further studies should verify the plausibility of these factors as true risk factors for severe injuries in WC alpine ski racing.
高山滑雪比赛中关键受伤风险因素的相关知识有限，特别是针对世界杯（WC）运动员。
本研究旨在整理和探讨 WC 高山滑雪比赛中严重受伤的内在和外在感知风险因素。
定性研究。对 WC 滑雪比赛界的 61 名专家利益相关者进行了访谈。收集专家的陈述，进行释义并加载到数据库中，使用归纳法得出风险因素类别（风险因素分析）。在访谈结束时，专家被要求指出他们认为对受伤风险有高潜在影响的那些风险因素，并根据其影响优先级进行排名（风险因素评级）。
总共从访谈中得出了 32 个感知风险因素类别，分为运动员、赛道、装备和雪四个基本类别。关于他们对受伤风险的感知影响，专家们排名前五的类别是：系统滑雪板、固定器、滑雪板和靴子；雪况变化；运动员的身体状况；速度和赛道设置以及总体速度。
WC 高山滑雪比赛中的严重受伤可能有多种原因。本研究编制了一份内在和外在感知风险因素清单，并探讨了那些被认为对受伤风险影响最大的因素。因此，通过使用源自这项探索性研究的更详细假设，进一步的研究应该验证这些因素作为 WC 高山滑雪比赛中严重受伤的真正风险因素的合理性。
