Dicicco-Bloom Barbara, Crabtree Benjamin F
Department of Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, USA.
Med Educ. 2006 Apr;40(4):314-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x.
Interviews are among the most familiar strategies for collecting qualitative data. The different qualitative interviewing strategies in common use emerged from diverse disciplinary perspectives resulting in a wide variation among interviewing approaches. Unlike the highly structured survey interviews and questionnaires used in epidemiology and most health services research, we examine less structured interview strategies in which the person interviewed is more a participant in meaning making than a conduit from which information is retrieved.
In this article we briefly review the more common qualitative interview methods and then focus on the widely used individual face-to-face in-depth interview, which seeks to foster learning about individual experiences and perspectives on a given set of issues. We discuss methods for conducting in-depth interviews and consider relevant ethical issues with particular regard to the rights and protection of the participants.
访谈是收集定性数据最常见的策略之一。当前常用的不同定性访谈策略源自不同的学科视角，导致访谈方法存在很大差异。与流行病学和大多数卫生服务研究中使用的高度结构化的调查访谈和问卷不同，我们研究的是结构化程度较低的访谈策略，在这种策略中，被访谈者更多地是意义建构的参与者，而不仅仅是信息获取的渠道。
在本文中，我们简要回顾更常见的定性访谈方法，然后重点关注广泛使用的个人面对面深度访谈，这种访谈旨在深入了解个人对一系列特定问题的经历和观点。我们讨论进行深度访谈的方法，并考虑相关的伦理问题，尤其关注参与者的权利和保护。
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