冈比亚医学生的专业选择：需要职业咨询。
Medical students' choices of specialty in The Gambia: the need for career counseling.
机构信息
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KorleBu University Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2012 Aug 8;12:72. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-12-72.
BACKGROUND
Understanding preferences for specialties by medical students and the factors driving choices assists policy makers in ensuring optimal spread of personnel across disciplines.
METHODS
This cross-sectional survey using self-administered structured questionnaires was conducted on consenting students of the first medical school in The Gambia, established in 1999. Data collection was in June/July 2011. Questions were on sociodemographic characteristics of students, their parents, factors related to career preferences and opinions about counseling services. Data were analysed using JMP 8.0 software.
RESULTS
Respondents were 52.4% of 202 eligible students. Mean age was 24.1 ± 5.0 years. Females constituted 54.7%. Muslims were 72.7% while Gambians formed 77.0%. Commonest specialties chosen by females were Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Surgery in that order, while males preferred Internal Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology. Commonest factors influencing choices by females were 'focus on urgent care' (65.5%) and 'intellectual content of specialty' (56.9%). For males, these were 'intellectual content of specialty' (60.4%) and 'focus on urgent care' / 'individual's competence' (50.0% each). More females (30.0%) than males (23.0%) had ever received career counseling, but all students desired it.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant gender differences exist in specialty choices and factors influencing these choices amongst these students. All want career counseling.
背景
了解医学生对专业的偏好以及影响选择的因素有助于政策制定者确保人员在各学科之间得到最佳配置。
方法
本横断面调查使用自行设计的结构化问卷，对 1999 年在冈比亚建立的第一所医学院的同意参与的学生进行。数据收集于 2011 年 6/7 月。问题包括学生及其父母的社会人口特征、与职业偏好相关的因素以及对咨询服务的意见。使用 JMP 8.0 软件进行数据分析。
结果
202 名符合条件的学生中，有 52.4%的人做出了回应。平均年龄为 24.1 ± 5.0 岁。女性占 54.7%。穆斯林占 72.7%，冈比亚人占 77.0%。女生选择最多的专业依次是妇产科、儿科学和外科学，而男生则更喜欢内科、外科学和妇产科。影响女生选择的最常见因素是“关注急救”（65.5%）和“专业的知识含量”（56.9%）。对于男生，这些因素是“专业的知识含量”（60.4%）和“关注急救”/“个人能力”（各占 50.0%）。更多的女生（30.0%）比男生（23.0%）接受过职业咨询，但所有学生都希望接受职业咨询。
结论
在这些学生中，专业选择以及影响这些选择的因素存在显著的性别差异。所有学生都希望接受职业咨询。
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