Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2012 Aug 9;12:628. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-628.
A relationship between current socio-economic position and subjective quality of life has been demonstrated, using wellbeing, life and needs satisfaction approaches. Less is known regarding the influence of different life course socio-economic trajectories on later quality of life. Several conceptual models have been proposed to help explain potential life course effects on health, including accumulation, latent, pathway and social mobility models. This systematic review aimed to assess whether evidence supported an overall relationship between life course socio-economic position and quality of life during adulthood and if so, whether there was support for one or more life course models.
A review protocol was developed detailing explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, search terms, data extraction items and quality appraisal procedures. Literature searches were performed in 12 electronic databases during January 2012 and the references and citations of included articles were checked for additional relevant articles. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze extracted data and studies were categorized based on the life course model analyzed.
Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria and used data from 10 datasets and five countries. Study quality varied and heterogeneity between studies was high. Seven studies assessed social mobility models, five assessed the latent model, two assessed the pathway model and three tested the accumulation model. Evidence indicated an overall relationship, but mixed results were found for each life course model. Some evidence was found to support the latent model among women, but not men. Social mobility models were supported in some studies, but overall evidence suggested little to no effect. Few studies addressed accumulation and pathway effects and study heterogeneity limited synthesis.
To improve potential for synthesis in this area, future research should aim to increase study comparability. Recommendations include testing all life course models within individual studies and the use of multiple measures of socio-economic position and quality of life. Comparable cross-national data would be beneficial to enable investigation of between-country differences.
幸福感、生活满意度和需求满足度等方法已经证明了当前社会经济地位与主观生活质量之间存在关系。但是，对于不同的人生轨迹社会经济轨迹对以后生活质量的影响知之甚少。已经提出了几个概念模型来帮助解释潜在的人生轨迹对健康的影响，包括积累、潜在、途径和社会流动模型。本系统评价旨在评估人生轨迹社会经济地位与成年期生活质量之间是否存在总体关系，如果存在，是否支持一种或多种人生轨迹模型。
制定了审查方案，详细说明了明确的纳入和排除标准、搜索词、数据提取项目和质量评估程序。2012 年 1 月在 12 个电子数据库中进行了文献检索，并检查了纳入文章的参考文献和引文，以获取其他相关文章。使用叙述性综合分析提取的数据，并根据分析的人生轨迹模型对研究进行分类。
符合资格标准的有 12 项研究，使用了来自 10 个数据集和 5 个国家的数据。研究质量各不相同，研究之间的异质性很高。有 7 项研究评估了社会流动模型，5 项研究评估了潜在模型，2 项研究评估了途径模型，3 项研究检验了积累模型。证据表明存在总体关系，但每种人生轨迹模型的结果都不一致。有一些证据支持女性中的潜在模型，但不支持男性。在一些研究中支持社会流动模型，但总体证据表明影响很小或没有。很少有研究涉及积累和途径效应，且研究的异质性限制了综合分析。
为了提高该领域综合分析的潜力，未来的研究应旨在提高研究的可比性。建议包括在单个研究中测试所有人生轨迹模型，并使用多种社会经济地位和生活质量的衡量标准。可比较的跨国数据将有助于调查国家间的差异。
