Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 621 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2013 Apr;16(4):752-60. doi: 10.1017/S136898001200300X. Epub 2012 Jul 5.
To identify factors associated with food insecurity and household eating patterns among American-Indian families with young children.
Cross-sectional survey among households with young children that were receiving emergency food services. We collected information on food insecurity levels, household eating patterns, experiences with commercial and community food sources and demographics, and used multivariate regression techniques to examine associations among these variables.
Four Southwestern American-Indian reservation communities.
A total of 425 parents/caregivers of young children completed the survey.
Twenty-nine per cent of children and 45 % of adults from households participating in the survey were classified as 'food insecure'. Larger household size was associated with increased food insecurity and worse eating patterns. Older respondents were more likely than younger respondents to have children with food insecurity (relative risk = 2·19, P < 0·001) and less likely to have healthy foods available at home (relative risk = 0·45, P < 0·01). Consumption of food from food banks, gas station/convenience stores or fast-food restaurants was not associated with food insecurity levels. Respondents with transportation barriers were 1·46 times more likely to be adult food insecure than respondents without transportation barriers (P < 0·001). High food costs were significantly associated with greater likelihoods of adult (relative risk = 1·47, P < 0·001) and child (relative risk = 1·65, P < 0·001) food insecurity.
Interventions for American-Indian communities must address challenges such as expense and limited transportation to accessing healthy food. Results indicate a need for services targeted to older caregivers and larger households. Implications for innovative approaches to promoting nutrition among American-Indian communities, including mobile groceries and community gardening programmes, are discussed.
确定与拥有幼儿的美洲印第安人家庭的粮食不安全和家庭饮食模式相关的因素。
对接受紧急食品服务的有幼儿的家庭进行横断面调查。我们收集了粮食不安全程度、家庭饮食模式、商业和社区食品来源的经验以及人口统计资料，并使用多元回归技术来检验这些变量之间的关联。
美国西南部的四个美洲印第安人保留地社区。
共有 425 名幼儿的父母/照顾者完成了调查。
参加调查的儿童中有 29%，成人中有 45%被归类为“粮食不安全”。家庭规模越大，粮食不安全程度越高，饮食模式越差。年龄较大的受访者比年龄较小的受访者更有可能其子女粮食不安全（相对风险=2.19，P < 0.001），家中更不可能有健康食品（相对风险=0.45，P < 0.01）。从食品银行、加油站/便利店或快餐店获取的食物并不与粮食不安全程度相关。有交通障碍的受访者成为成人粮食不安全的可能性比没有交通障碍的受访者高 1.46 倍（P < 0.001）。高食品成本与成人（相对风险=1.47，P < 0.001）和儿童（相对风险=1.65，P < 0.001）粮食不安全的可能性显著相关。
针对美洲印第安人社区的干预措施必须解决获取健康食品的费用和有限交通等挑战。结果表明，需要为年龄较大的照顾者和较大的家庭提供服务。讨论了在美洲印第安人社区推广营养的创新方法，包括流动食品杂货店和社区园艺计划的意义。
