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将电子健康记录系统视为变革管理:一家英国医院加入国家信息技术计划的经验。

Envisioning electronic health record systems as change management: the experience of an English hospital joining the National Programme for Information Technology.

作者信息

Takian Amirhossein

机构信息

School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University London-UK.

出版信息

Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;180:901-5.

Abstract

The historical National Programme for Information Technology (NPfIT) in England was the most expensive ($20billion) and ambitious politically-driven IT-based transformations of public services ever undertaken. Nation-wide implementation of integrated electronic health record (EHR) systems in hospitals was at the heart of the NPfIT ($10billion). We conducted the first longitudinal, prospective, and sociotechnical case study implementation and adoption of national EHRs implementations in 12 'early adopter' hospitals across England. This paper reports the arrival, implementation process, and stakeholders' experiences of one EHR software (Millennium) at a National Health Service's (NHS) general hospital participating in NPfIT, hereafter called Alpha. From the outset, Alpha envisioned the implementation of EHR as a practice of change management to improve its performance. This vision attributed to the establishment of a 'design authority' at Alpha, including users from various capacities and levels. The 'design authority' was perceived a key contributor to appropriate (compared to other hospitals we studied) clinical engagement and bottom-up approach to deploying EHR. Through conducting several hundreds of group and individual workflow familiarization, Alpha adopted a novel approach to training staff on EHR software. This led to greater local configuration and high sense of ownership among users, which transformed work practices towards overall better performance of the hospital. Contrary to painful and turbulent experiences of EHR implementation via NPfIT route in the English hospitals, this in-depth case study revealed the importance of vision (change management) and insightful leadership in 'working out' EHR. We advocate envisioning EHRs as change management endeavors to enhance their complex, multi-dimensional, and sociotechnical adoption in healthcare settings.

摘要

英国历史上的国家信息技术计划(NPfIT)是有史以来最昂贵(约200亿美元)且雄心勃勃的、由政治驱动的基于信息技术的公共服务转型项目。在医院中全国范围内实施集成电子健康记录(EHR)系统是NPfIT的核心内容(约100亿美元)。我们对英格兰12家“早期采用者”医院实施和采用国家电子健康记录的情况进行了首次纵向、前瞻性和社会技术案例研究。本文报告了一款电子健康记录软件(千禧年系统)在一家参与NPfIT的国民保健服务体系(NHS)综合医院(以下简称阿尔法医院)的引入、实施过程以及利益相关者的体验。从一开始,阿尔法医院就将电子健康记录的实施视为一种变革管理实践,以提升其绩效。这一愿景促成了阿尔法医院设立一个“设计权威机构”,其中包括来自不同岗位和层级的用户。该“设计权威机构”被视为在适当的临床参与(与我们研究的其他医院相比)以及自下而上部署电子健康记录方法方面的关键促成因素。通过开展数百次小组和个人工作流程熟悉活动,阿尔法医院采用了一种新颖的方法对员工进行电子健康记录软件培训。这带来了更大程度的本地配置以及用户的高度主人翁意识,进而改变了工作实践,使医院整体绩效得到提升。与英国医院通过NPfIT途径实施电子健康记录时痛苦且动荡的经历相反,这一深入案例研究揭示了愿景(变革管理)和有洞察力的领导力在“推行”电子健康记录方面的重要性。我们主张将电子健康记录视为变革管理努力,以增强其在医疗环境中的复杂、多维度和社会技术层面的采用。

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