Rubinsky Melissa D, Clark Angela P
Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2012 Sep-Oct;31(5):267-74. doi: 10.1097/DCC.0b013e3182619944.
Malnutrition in the critically ill patient is associated with adverse outcomes such as increased morbidity, infectious processes, and length of stay. Alterations to the gastrointestinal system during critical illness can be devastating. Current evidence suggests that, in the presence of a functioning gut, initiating early enteral nutrition therapy (within 24-48 hours of intensive care unit admission) results in enhanced tissue repair, preservation of immune competence, and conservation of the integrity of gut flora. Recommendations for practice include development of a national nutrition support protocol for widespread use in the intensive care unit.
危重症患者的营养不良与不良后果相关，如发病率增加、感染性疾病和住院时间延长。危重症期间胃肠道系统的改变可能是毁灭性的。目前的证据表明，在肠道功能正常的情况下，尽早开始肠内营养治疗（在重症监护病房入院后24 - 48小时内）可促进组织修复、保持免疫能力并维护肠道菌群的完整性。实践建议包括制定一项全国性营养支持方案，以在重症监护病房广泛应用。
