Barry R J
School of Education, University of New South Wales, Australia.
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1990 Jul-Sep;25(3):93-9; discussion 99-103. doi: 10.1007/BF02974263.
This paper outlines some of the basic ideas of the orienting response (OR) that have developed from the classical writings of E.N. Sokolov, in particular the effects of stimulus novelty, intensity, and significance upon the OR, and predictions about these effects on a range of physiological measures traditionally associated with the OR. Such measures include the GSR, respiration, heart rate, vascular responses, EEG, and pupil diameter. Unfortunately, many of the predictions of classical OR theory do not hold up when such a fine-grain analysis is undertaken. Possible conceptualizations of the discrepancies between Sokolovian predictions and empirical data are considered--should we accept such discrepancies as merely reflecting the imperfect nature of many OR indices, or seek other regularizing principles? Preliminary Process Theory has been proposed as one alternative account of the existing data base, and similarities and differences between it and Sokolovian theory are explored. The need for further investigation of such problems, in the very foundations of OR theory, appears to be of fundamental importance to the future status of the OR. An appendix provides a discussion between Barry and Sokolov on some of these issues.
本文概述了从叶夫根尼·尼古拉耶维奇·索科洛夫的经典著作中发展而来的定向反应（OR）的一些基本观点，特别是刺激新颖性、强度和重要性对定向反应的影响，以及关于这些影响对一系列传统上与定向反应相关的生理指标的预测。这些指标包括皮肤电反应（GSR）、呼吸、心率、血管反应、脑电图（EEG）和瞳孔直径。不幸的是，当进行如此精细的分析时，经典定向反应理论的许多预测并不成立。文中考虑了索科洛夫的预测与实证数据之间差异的可能概念化解释——我们是应该将这些差异仅仅视为反映了许多定向反应指标的不完美性质，还是寻找其他规范化原则？初步过程理论已被提出作为对现有数据库的一种替代性解释，并探讨了它与索科洛夫理论之间的异同。对这类问题在定向反应理论的基础层面进行进一步研究的必要性，似乎对定向反应的未来发展至关重要。附录提供了巴里和索科洛夫就其中一些问题的讨论。
