Karasu Sylvia R
Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
Am J Psychother. 2012;66(2):111-28. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2012.66.2.111.
Obesity is a physiological energy imbalance, a chronic disorder that results from an increase in caloric intake and/or a decrease in caloric expenditure. Other than the accumulation of excess adipose tissue, there are no signs or symptoms characteristic of all obese people. Obesity rates have increased exponentially worldwide in the past thirty years for reasons that we do not entirely understand. Multiple environmental, genetic, neuro-endocrinological, and psychosocial factors contribute to the development of obesity. Though there are many different, and even controversial, frameworks for obesity, most researchers acknowledge that it can lead to serious medical and psychological morbidity. This paper focuses on psychological dimensions in the study of obesity: the intricate human "minded brain" that promotes self-regulation, motivation, and self-efficacy; the complexities involved in considering obesity a psychiatric disorder, with the possibility of a so-called "obese personality"; the role of stigma, prejudice, and discrimination; and psychiatric symptomatology among the obese.
肥胖是一种生理能量失衡，是一种因热量摄入增加和/或热量消耗减少而导致的慢性疾病。除了多余脂肪组织的堆积外，没有所有肥胖者都具有的特征性体征或症状。在过去三十年中，全球肥胖率呈指数级增长，其原因我们并不完全清楚。多种环境、遗传、神经内分泌和社会心理因素导致了肥胖的发生。尽管对于肥胖存在许多不同甚至有争议的框架，但大多数研究人员承认，肥胖会导致严重的医学和心理疾病。本文聚焦于肥胖研究中的心理维度：促进自我调节、动机和自我效能的复杂人类“有思维的大脑”；将肥胖视为精神疾病所涉及的复杂性，以及所谓“肥胖人格”的可能性；污名、偏见和歧视的作用；以及肥胖者的精神症状学。
