Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2013 Jan;13(1):106-23.
Snakebite is a serious medical and socio-economic problem affecting the rural and agricultural laborers of tropical and sub-tropical region across the world leading to high morbidity and mortality. In most of the snakebite incidences, victims usually end up with permanent tissue damage and sequelae with high socioeconomic and psychological impacts. Although, mortality has been reduced markedly due to anti-venom regimen, it is associated with several limitations. Snake venom metalloprotease, hyaluronidase and myotoxic phospholipase A2 are the kingpins of tissue necrosis and extracellular matrix degradation. Thus, inhibition of these enzymes is considered to be the rate limiting step in the management of snakebite. Unfortunately, tissue necrosis and extracellular matrix degradation persists even after the administration of anti-venom. At present, inhibitors from snake serum and plasma, several synthetic compounds and their analogs have been demonstrated to possess anti-snake venom activities, but the use of plant metabolites for this purpose has an added advantage of traditional knowledge and will make the treatment cheaper and more accessible to the affected population. Therefore, the clinical and research forums are highly oriented towards plant metabolites and interestingly, certain phytochemicals are implicated as the antibody elicitors against venom toxicity that can be exploited in designing effective anti-venoms. Based on these facts, we have made an effort to enlist plant based secondary metabolites with antiophidian abilities and their mechanism of action against locally acting enzymes/toxins in particular. The review also describes their functional groups responsible for therapeutic beneficial and certainly oblige in designing potent inhibitors against venom toxins.
蛇伤是一个严重的医学和社会经济问题，影响着全球热带和亚热带地区的农村和农业劳动者，导致高发病率和死亡率。在大多数蛇伤事件中，受害者通常会导致永久性组织损伤和后遗症，造成高社会经济和心理影响。尽管抗蛇毒血清方案显著降低了死亡率，但它也存在一些局限性。蛇毒金属蛋白酶、透明质酸酶和肌毒性磷脂酶 A2 是组织坏死和细胞外基质降解的关键因素。因此，抑制这些酶被认为是蛇伤管理中的限速步骤。不幸的是，即使在给予抗蛇毒血清后，组织坏死和细胞外基质降解仍然存在。目前，已经证明蛇血清和血浆中的抑制剂、几种合成化合物及其类似物具有抗蛇毒活性，但利用植物代谢物具有传统知识的优势，并且可以使治疗更便宜、更容易为受影响的人群所接受。因此，临床和研究论坛高度关注植物代谢物，有趣的是，某些植物化学物质被认为是针对毒液毒性的抗体诱导剂，可以用于设计有效的抗蛇毒血清。基于这些事实，我们努力列出具有抗蛇毒能力的植物次生代谢物及其针对局部作用酶/毒素的作用机制。该综述还描述了它们负责治疗有益的功能基团，并且肯定有助于设计针对毒液毒素的有效抑制剂。
