Hanlon T E, Nurco D N, Kinlock T W, Duszynski K R
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore 21228.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1990;16(3-4):223-38. doi: 10.3109/00952999009001585.
The present study, involving 132 narcotic addicts with multiple periods of addiction, examines trends in criminal activity and drug use over successive periods of addiction and successive periods of nonaddiction during an average 15-year addiction career. Significant decreases over successive addiction periods were found for four (of five) categories of crime: theft, violence, drug distribution, and "other" crime (primarily gambling). These results appear to be accounted for by a disproportionately high level of crime during the first addiction period. Criminal activity, most notably theft and violence, decreased over successive periods of nonaddiction, though not significantly. Although more evidence is needed, a particularly large addiction vs nonaddiction disparity in crime rates for Hispanic addicts revealing a low propensity for crime when not addicted suggests that crime reduction may be a reasonable objective in the treatment of these individuals. With regard to drug use over the addiction career, the most dramatic increases over time were found for illicit methadone and cocaine. Rates of heroin and marijuana use declined. Generally, nonnarcotic drug use, other than use of cocaine and Valium, tended to decrease progressively over time regardless of addiction status. These results, along with findings relevant to the "maturing out of addiction," are discussed.
本研究涉及132名有多次成瘾经历的麻醉品成瘾者，考察了在平均15年的成瘾生涯中，连续成瘾期和连续非成瘾期内犯罪活动和毒品使用的趋势。在（五类）犯罪中的四类——盗窃、暴力、毒品分销和“其他”犯罪（主要是赌博）——发现连续成瘾期内犯罪显著减少。这些结果似乎是由第一个成瘾期内犯罪水平过高所致。犯罪活动，最显著的是盗窃和暴力，在连续的非成瘾期内有所下降，尽管不显著。虽然还需要更多证据，但西班牙裔成瘾者在犯罪率上成瘾与非成瘾的差异尤为明显，表明他们在未成瘾时犯罪倾向较低，这表明减少犯罪可能是治疗这些人的一个合理目标。关于成瘾生涯中的毒品使用情况，发现非法美沙酮和可卡因的使用随时间增长最为显著。海洛因和大麻的使用率下降。一般来说，除了可卡因和安定的使用外，非麻醉品的使用无论成瘾状态如何，往往都随时间逐渐减少。本文讨论了这些结果以及与“戒断成瘾”相关的研究发现。
