John G. Rangos Sr. School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013 Jul;21(7):1664-8. doi: 10.1007/s00167-012-2168-2. Epub 2012 Aug 11.
The purpose of this study was to describe the orientation of the ligamentum teres and quantify the limb position when the ligamentum teres reached its endpoint during a simulated squat position in human cadavers.
Dissection of eight (4 male; 4 female) cadavers resulted in the complete removal of all soft tissue attachment of the femur to the acetabulum, leaving only the ligamentum teres intact. The limb was then moved into combined flexion and abduction of the hip joint to simulate a deep squat position until a ligamentous endpoint of the ligamentum teres was achieved. The orientation of the ligamentum teres in relation to the femoral head was described and the position of the limb relative to the sagittal plane (flexion) and frontal plane (abduction) was quantified. The mean, standard deviation, 95 % confidence intervals, and standard error of the measurement were calculated for the observed angles.
Multi-planar movement of flexion and abduction moved the ligamentum teres into an anterior/inferior position relative to the femoral head and prevented the femoral head from anterior/inferior subluxation. The ligamentum teres endpoint was obtained at a combined average position of 100.6° (range 94°-112°; SD 5.5º; 95 % CI 96º-105º) and 20.0° (range 12°-32°; SD 7.0º; 95 % CI 14º-26º) flexion and abduction angle.
The ligamentum teres formed a "sling-like" structure to support the femoral head inferiorly as the hip joint was moved into a combined position of flexion and abduction that resembled a squat position. The results help to define a possible role of the ligamentum teres in hip joint stability and possible mechanisms of injury.
本研究旨在描述圆韧带在人体尸体模拟深蹲位时到达止点的方向，并定量分析圆韧带止点时肢体的位置。
对 8 具（4 男，4 女）尸体进行解剖，使股骨与髋臼的所有软组织附着完全去除，仅保留圆韧带完整。然后将肢体移动到髋关节的联合屈曲和外展位置，模拟深蹲位置，直到达到圆韧带的韧带止点。描述圆韧带相对于股骨头的方向，并定量分析肢体相对于矢状面（屈曲）和额状面（外展）的位置。计算观察角度的平均值、标准差、95%置信区间和测量的标准误差。
屈伸多平面运动使圆韧带相对于股骨头向前下移动，并防止股骨头前下脱位。圆韧带止点的平均位置为 100.6°（范围 94°-112°；标准差 5.5°；95%置信区间 96°-105°）和 20.0°（范围 12°-32°；标准差 7.0°；95%置信区间 14°-26°）的屈伸和外展角。
圆韧带形成了一种“吊索样”结构，在髋关节进入类似于深蹲的屈伸联合位置时，支撑股骨头向下。研究结果有助于确定圆韧带在髋关节稳定性中的可能作用和可能的损伤机制。
