Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Liverpool University Climate and Infectious Diseases of Animals (LUCINDA group), University of Liverpool-Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;365:205-47. doi: 10.1007/82_2012_243.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most well studied arthropod zoonotic diseases with human and animal research and their integration spanning 6-7 decades. JE research and policy in some Asian countries has epitomized the 'One Health' strategy of attainment of optimal health for people, animals, and the environment. However, despite significant mitigation of JE in some Asian countries primarily due to vaccination programs and infrastructural development, JE continues to be a major disease burden in the Asian region. Arthropod-borne zoonotic infections such as JE present some of the greatest challenges to animal and human health globally. Their emergence involves a complex interplay of vectors, hosts, environment, climate, and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, the integrated management of infectious agents that affect both humans and animals is perhaps the most highly coveted strategy that public health policy makers aspire to attain in the twenty-first century. This is in response to the seemingly growing challenges of controlling the burden of emerging infectious diseases such as shrinking financial budgets and resources, increasing demand for public health deliverables, demographic shifts and mobility, global trade economies, and climate and landscape changes. Thus, while JE research and policy is an excellent example of the One Health strategy in action, further work is required to address the obstinate burden of transmission.
日本脑炎 (JE) 是研究最为透彻的节肢动物动物源性传染病之一，人类和动物的研究及其整合跨越了 6-7 十年。一些亚洲国家的 JE 研究和政策体现了实现人类、动物和环境最佳健康的“同一健康”战略。然而，尽管一些亚洲国家由于疫苗接种计划和基础设施的发展，JE 得到了显著缓解，但 JE 仍然是亚洲地区的主要疾病负担。虫媒动物源性传染病，如 JE，给动物和人类健康带来了一些最大的挑战。它们的出现涉及到媒介、宿主、环境、气候和人为因素的复杂相互作用。因此，对影响人类和动物的传染病进行综合管理，也许是 21 世纪公共卫生政策制定者最渴望实现的策略。这是为了应对控制新兴传染病负担的挑战，如财政预算和资源的减少、对公共卫生产品的需求增加、人口结构变化和流动、全球贸易经济以及气候和景观变化。因此，尽管 JE 研究和政策是同一健康战略的一个很好的例子，但需要进一步的工作来解决顽固的传播负担。
