Kumar Kiven, Arshad Siti Suri, Selvarajah Gayathri Thevi, Abu Jalila, Toung Ooi Peck, Abba Yusuf, Yasmin A R, Bande Faruku, Sharma Reuben, Ong Bee Lee
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Acta Trop. 2018 Sep;185:219-229. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.05.017. Epub 2018 May 29.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). It causes encephalitis in human and horses, and may lead to reproductive failure in sows. The first human encephalitis case in Malaya (now Malaysia) was reported during World War II in a British prison in 1942. Later, encephalitis was observed among race horses in Singapore. In 1951, the first JEV was isolated from the brain of an encephalitis patient. The true storyline of JE exposure among humans and animals has not been documented in Malaysia. In some places such as Sarawak, JEV has been isolated from mosquitoes before an outbreak in 1992. JE is an epidemic in Malaysia except Sarawak. There are four major outbreaks reported in Pulau Langkawi (1974), Penang (1988), Perak and Negeri Sembilan (1998-1999), and Sarawak (1992). JE is considered endemic only in Sarawak. Initially, both adults and children were victims of JE in Malaysia, however, according to the current reports; JE infection is only lethal to children in Malaysia. This paper describes a timeline of JE cases (background of each case) from first detection to current status, vaccination programs against JE, diagnostic methods used in hospitals and factors which may contribute to the transmission of JE among humans and animals in Malaysia.
日本脑炎（JE）是一种由日本脑炎病毒（JEV）引起的媒介传播人畜共患病。它可导致人类和马匹患脑炎，并可能致使母猪繁殖失败。1942年二战期间，在马来亚（现马来西亚）的一所英国监狱中报告了首例人类脑炎病例。后来，在新加坡的赛马中也观察到了脑炎病例。1951年，首次从一名脑炎患者的大脑中分离出JEV。在马来西亚，人类和动物接触日本脑炎的真实情况尚未有文献记载。在砂拉越等一些地方，1992年疫情爆发前已从蚊子中分离出JEV。除砂拉越外，日本脑炎在马来西亚呈流行态势。在兰卡威岛（1974年）、槟城（1988年）、霹雳州和森美兰州（1998 - 1999年）以及砂拉越（1992年）报告了四次主要疫情。日本脑炎仅在砂拉越被视为地方病。最初，马来西亚的成人和儿童都是日本脑炎的受害者，然而，根据目前的报告，在马来西亚，日本脑炎感染仅对儿童具有致命性。本文描述了从首次检测到当前状态的日本脑炎病例时间线（每个病例的背景）、针对日本脑炎的疫苗接种计划、医院使用的诊断方法以及可能导致马来西亚人类和动物之间传播日本脑炎的因素。
