Morgan Lynn M, Roberts Elizabeth F S
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA.
Anthropol Med. 2012;19(2):241-54. doi: 10.1080/13648470.2012.675046.
This paper develops the concept of reproductive governance as an analytic tool for tracing the shifting political rationalities of population and reproduction. As advanced here, the concept of reproductive governance refers to the mechanisms through which different historical configurations of actors - such as state, religious, and international financial institutions, NGOs, and social movements - use legislative controls, economic inducements, moral injunctions, direct coercion, and ethical incitements to produce, monitor, and control reproductive behaviours and population practices. Examples are drawn from Latin America, where reproductive governance is undergoing a dramatic transformation as public policy conversations are coalescing around new moral regimes and rights-based actors through debates about abortion, emergency contraception, sterilisation, migration, and assisted reproductive technologies. Reproductive discourses are increasingly framed through morality and contestations over 'rights', where rights-bearing citizens are pitted against each other in claiming reproductive, sexual, indigenous, and natural rights, as well as the 'right to life' of the unborn. The concept of reproductive governance can be applied to other settings in order to understand shifting political rationalities within the domain of reproduction.
本文提出了生殖治理的概念,将其作为一种分析工具,用于追溯人口与生殖领域不断变化的政治合理性。在此所提出的生殖治理概念,指的是不同历史时期的行为主体——如国家、宗教机构、国际金融机构、非政府组织和社会运动——通过立法控制、经济诱因、道德禁令、直接强制和伦理煽动来产生、监测和控制生殖行为及人口实践的机制。文中的例子取自拉丁美洲,在那里,随着围绕堕胎、紧急避孕、绝育、移民和辅助生殖技术的辩论,公共政策讨论正围绕新的道德制度和基于权利的行为主体展开,生殖治理正在经历一场巨大的变革。生殖话语越来越多地通过道德以及对“权利”的争议来构建,在争取生殖权利、性权利、原住民权利、自然权利以及未出生者“生命权”的过程中,享有权利的公民相互对立。生殖治理的概念可以应用于其他情境,以理解生殖领域内不断变化的政治合理性。